Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics

Number of patients

51

Female sex, n (%)

26 (51%)

Age, mean (SD)

64 (17.1)

Body mass index (SD)

28.7 (7.4)

IV fluids prior to enrollment (mL/kg), mean (SD)

1.6 (3.0)

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Congestive heart failure

8 (16%)

 Ejection fraction*(%), mean

57%

 Chronic kidney disease

9 (18%)

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

10 (20%)

 Diabetes

11 (22%)

 Cirrhosis

1 (2%)

 Malignancy

5 (10%)

 Immunosuppressed**

12 (24%)

Presentation

 Infection or sepsis suspected, n (%)

38 (75%)

 Heart rate (beats per minute), mean (SD)

101.4 (22.5)

 Mean arterial pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)

81.2 (19.4)

 Temperature (^oF), mean (SD)

37.4 (1.0)

 Oxygen saturation (%), mean (SD)

96 (3)

 Corrected flow time (ms), mean (SD)

299.4 (35)

Indication for IV fluids, n (%)

 Hypotension

36 (71%)

 Tachycardia

33 (65%)

 Low urine output

1 (2%)

 Acute kidney injury

13 (25%)

 Elevated lactate

10 (20%)

 Confusion

7 (14%)

 Other

36 (71%)