Gastrointestinal disorders |
Prolonged nasogastric suction |
Malabsorption syndromes |
Extensive bowel resection |
Acute and chronic diarrhea |
Intestinal and biliary fistulae |
Protein-calorie malnutrition (parenteral nutrition, anorexia, refeeding syndrome) |
Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis |
Primary intestinal hypomagnesemia (neonatal) |
Renal loss |
Chronic parenteral fluid therapy |
Osmotic diuresis (glucose, mannitol, urea) |
Hypercalcemia |
Alcohol |
Drugs (see Table 2) |
Metabolic acidosis (starvation, ketoacidosis, alcoholism) |
Renal diseases |
Chronic pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis |
Diuretic phase of acute tubular necrosis |
Postobstructive nephropathy |
Renal tubular acidosis |
Post-renal transplantation |
Primary renal hypomagnesemia |