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Table 2 Organ support and level of care of each admission

From: Predictors and outcomes of withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments in intensive care units in Singapore: a multicentre observational study

Treatment

No limitation

(n = 7991)

Withholding

(n = 1181)

Withdrawal

(n = 551)

P value

Organ support modalities, n (%)

    

IMV days, median (IQR)

2 (0–3)

3 (1–7)

5 (3–9)

 < 0.001

Respiratory

   

 < 0.001

 Advanced supporta

5782 (72.4)

1033 (87.5)

545 (98.9)

 

 Basic supportb

655 (8.2)

78 (6.6)

4 (0.7)

 

 No support

1554 (19.5)

70 (5.9)

2 (0.4)

 

Cardiovascular

   

 < 0.001

 Advanced supportc

1912 (23.9)

512 (43.4)

168 (30.5)

 

 Basic supportd

5158 (64.6)

575 (48.7)

353 (64.1)

 

 No support

921 (11.5)

94 (8)

30 (5.4)

 

Gastrointestinale

3929 (49.2)

724 (61.3)

423 (76.8)

 < 0.001

Neurologicalf

836 (10.5)

126 (10.7)

131 (23.8)

 < 0.001

Renalg

1268 (15.9)

329 (27.9)

106 (19.2)

 < 0.001

Liverh

104 (1.3)

31 (2.6)

10 (1.8)

0.002

Dermatologicali

11 (0.1)

4 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

0.190

Number of organs supported, median (IQR)

2 (2–2)

2 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

 < 0.001

Percentage of days spent at level of care, median (IQR)

    

 Level 3j

75 (40–100)

100 (88–100)

100 (95–100)

 < 0.001

 Level 2 k

17 (0–50)

0 (0–10)

0 (0–3)

 < 0.001

 Level 1 l

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

 < 0.001

 Level 0 m

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

0.028

Care in first 24 h of ICU admission, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 Level 3

5437 (68)

963 (81.5)

487 (88.4)

 

 Level 2

1500 (18.8)

101 (8.6)

7 (1.3)

 

 Level 1 or Level 0

1054 (13.2)

117 (9.9)

57 (10.3)

 

Care at ICU discharge, n (%)*

(n = 7591)

(n = 394)

(n = 222)

 < 0.001

 Level 3

574 (7.6)

36 (9.1)

3 (1.4)

 

 Level 2

3967 (52.3)

177 (44.9)

85 (38.3)

 

 Level 1

2771 (36.5)

169 (42.9)

122 (55)

 

 Level 0

279 (3.7)

12 (3.1)

12 (5.4)

 
  1. IMV invasive mechanical ventilation, IQR interquartile range, ICU intensive care unit
  2. Given the aim of comparing characteristics associated with withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments, each admission including readmissions is considered separately; thus, classification of withholding and withdrawal applies to orders specific to each admission
  3. a−mPlease see Additional file 1: Table S6 for the definition of organ support and level of care
  4. *400, 787, 329 patients in the no limitation group, withholding and withdrawal group, respectively, were deceased