Effect of a music intervention on anxiety in adult critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	N	Control	N	Intervention	p
Age, years, mean (SD)	44	62.9 (9.1)	50	62.6 (11.3)	0.91
Male, %	28	63.6	34	68.0	0.82
Weight, kg, mean (SD)	44	89.5 (26.4)	50	87.1 (20.5)	0.62
Reasons for admission
Medical	37	84.1	40	80.0	0.95
COVID-19^a	15	34.1	18	36.0
Surgical	6	13.6	9	18.0
Trauma	1	2.3	1	2.0
Comorbidities, %
Psychiatric^b	4	9.1	3	6.0	0.86
Chronic pain^c	3	6.8	5	10.0	0.86
Cardiovascular	27	61.4	25	50.0	0.27
Neurologic (cerebral)	6	13.6	6	12.0	0.81
Gastro-intestinal	10	22.7	15	30.0	0.43
Hospital admission duration before inclusion, days, median (IQR)	44	17.0 (6.0–33.5)	50	16.5 (7.3–34.0)	0.72
ICU admission duration before inclusion, days	44	11.0 (3.0–28.0)	50	8.0 (3.0–29.3)	0.78
Mechanical ventilation at baseline^d, %	44	77.3	50	72.0	0.73
Pain at baseline, median (IQR)*	33	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	44	0.0 (0.0–0.4)	0.70
ICDSC at baseline, median (IQR)	41	1.0 (0.5–2.5)	46	1.3 (0.4–2.5)	0.89
Delirium at baseline, %	7	15.9	10	20.0	0.81
APACHE IV, mean (SD)	42	61.8 (25.1)	49	64.0 (33.7)	0.72
RASS at baseline, median (IQR)	40	0 (− 1–0)	48	0 (− 1–0)	0.57
Sleep at baseline, median (IQR)*	43	5.0 (3.0–6.0)	49	4.5 (3.5–6.0)	0.81

SD standard deviation, ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, ICDSC Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist, APACHE Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation, RASS Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale
^aNo differences in number of COVID-19 patients per group (p = 1.0)
^bPsychiatric history: depression, anxiety, substance abuse
^cChronic pain history: migraine, critical illness neuropathy, plexus brachialis neuritis, hernia nucleus pulposus, problems neck for which specialized pain management is required, carpal tunnel syndrome, Bell’s paralysis
^dBaseline is defined as day 0, the day before the intervention started
^*Pain was assessed with pain (using the Critical-Care Pain observation (CPOT) in mechanically ventilated patients and the NRS/VAS for pain in non-ventilated)
Sleep was assessed with a Visual Numeric Scale ranging from one to seven, in which one indicates “did not/barely sleep” and seven indicates “slept very well”

ISSN: 2052-0492