Table 1 Underlying diseases and injuries associated with ARDS

I. Direct injuries

 Frequent

  • Infectious pneumonia

  • Gastric aspiration

 Infrequent

  • Fat embolism

  • Inhalation injury (e.g., toxic gases)

  • Ischemia reperfusion after lung transplantation

  • Near drowning

  • Radiation lung injury

  • Pulmonary contusion

II. Indirect injuries

 Frequent

  • Non-pulmonary sepsis

  • Severe trauma, severe burns

 Infrequent

  • Cardiopulmonary bypass

  • Toxicant, drug overdose

  • Acute pancreatitis

  • Autoimmune diseases

  • Blood transfusion