|
Age category, years
| | | | | | |
|
15–59
|
8623 (11)
|
9551 (8)
|
11
|
6012 (10)
|
6233 (10)
|
1
|
|
60–69
|
12,549 (16)
|
15,166 (12)
|
11
|
9097 (15)
|
9182 (15)
|
0
|
|
70–79
|
21,590 (27)
|
29,166 (23)
|
9
|
16,293 (26)
|
16,534 (27)
|
1
|
|
80–89
|
27,818 (35)
|
49,134 (40)
|
9
|
23,419 (38)
|
23,159 (37)
|
1
|
|
≥ 90
|
8066 (10)
|
21,203 (17)
|
20
|
7531 (12)
|
7244 (12)
|
1
|
|
Male
|
45,539 (58)
|
65,536 (53)
|
10
|
34,891 (56)
|
35,036 (56)
|
1
|
|
Smoking history
| | | | | | |
|
Nonsmoker
|
39,997 (51)
|
69,204 (56)
|
10
|
32,837 (53)
|
32,462 (52)
|
1
|
|
Current/past smoker
|
28,244 (36)
|
39,154 (32)
|
9
|
21,569 (35)
|
21,841 (35)
|
1
|
|
Unknown
|
10,405 (13)
|
15,862 (13)
|
1
|
7946 (13)
|
8049 (13)
|
1
|
|
Body mass index at admission, kg/m2
| | | | | |
|
< 18.5
|
11,398 (14)
|
20,731 (17)
|
6
|
9487 (15)
|
9462 (15)
|
0
|
|
18.5–24.9
|
42,295 (54)
|
66,216 (53)
|
1
|
33,419 (54)
|
33,515 (54)
|
0
|
|
25.0–29.9
|
13,836 (18)
|
20,142 (16)
|
4
|
10,615 (17)
|
10,595 (17)
|
0
|
|
≥ 30.0
|
4786 (6)
|
6627 (5)
|
3
|
3653 (6)
|
3666 (6)
|
0
|
|
Missing
|
6331 (8)
|
10,504 (8)
|
2
|
5178 (8)
|
5114 (8)
|
0
|
|
Japan Coma Scale score at admission
| | | | | | |
|
Alert
|
55,363 (70)
|
90,007 (72)
|
5
|
45,087 (72)
|
45,263 (73)
|
1
|
|
Confusion
|
14,730 (19)
|
25,663 (21)
|
5
|
11,892 (19)
|
11,696 (19)
|
1
|
|
Somnolence
|
3886 (5)
|
4368 (4)
|
7
|
2638 (4)
|
2645 (4)
|
0
|
|
Coma
|
4667 (6)
|
4182 (3)
|
12
|
2735 (4)
|
2748 (4)
|
0
|
|
Physical function at admission
| | | | | | |
|
Total/severe dependence (BI 0–60)
|
44,788 (57)
|
75,717 (61)
|
8
|
36,189 (58)
|
35,992 (58)
|
1
|
|
Slight/moderate dependence (BI 61–99)
|
2886 (4)
|
7479 (6)
|
11
|
2652 (4)
|
2515 (4)
|
1
|
|
Independent (BI 100)
|
14,395 (18)
|
18,982 (15)
|
8
|
10,864 (17)
|
11,160 (18)
|
1
|
|
Missing
|
16,577 (21)
|
22,042 (18)
|
8
|
12,647 (20)
|
12,685 (20)
|
0
|
|
Cognitive function before admission
| | | | | | |
|
No dementia
|
62,514 (79)
|
87,997 (71)
|
20
|
48,040 (77)
|
48,328 (78)
|
1
|
|
Mild dementia
|
11,281 (14)
|
23,981 (19)
|
13
|
9907 (16)
|
9729 (16)
|
1
|
|
Moderate/severe dementia
|
4,851 (6)
|
12,242 (10)
|
14
|
4405 (7)
|
4295 (7)
|
1
|
|
Home medical care before admission
|
4628 (6)
|
9537 (8)
|
7
|
4030 (6)
|
4044 (6)
|
0
|
|
Location before hospitalization
| | | | | | |
|
Home
|
69,582 (88)
|
108,333 (87)
|
4
|
55,212 (89)
|
55,371 (89)
|
1
|
|
Other hospitals
|
5069 (6)
|
5481 (4)
|
9
|
3430 (6)
|
3418 (5)
|
0
|
|
Nursing home
|
3995 (5)
|
10,406 (8)
|
13
|
3710 (6)
|
3563 (6)
|
1
|
|
Ambulance use
|
57,243 (73)
|
76,205 (61)
|
25
|
43,223 (69)
|
43,657 (70)
|
2
|
|
Admission on a weekend
|
19,860 (25)
|
28,864 (23)
|
5
|
15,380 (25)
|
15,337 (25)
|
0
|
|
Comorbidities
| | | | | | |
|
Ischemic heart disease
|
23,479 (30)
|
32,383 (26)
|
8
|
17,885 (29)
|
18,039 (29)
|
1
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
25,442 (32)
|
35,323 (28)
|
9
|
19,500 (31)
|
19,644 (32)
|
1
|
|
Hypertension
|
42,660 (54)
|
64,774 (52)
|
4
|
33,757 (54)
|
33,743 (54)
|
0
|
|
Hyperlipidemia
|
19,133 (24)
|
26,527 (21)
|
7
|
14,714 (24)
|
14,788 (24)
|
0
|
|
Atrial flutter/fibrillation
|
18,157 (23)
|
35,068 (28)
|
12
|
15,533 (25)
|
15,433 (25)
|
0
|
|
Chronic kidney disease
|
13,750 (17)
|
19,434 (16)
|
5
|
10,384 (17)
|
10,327 (17)
|
0
|
|
Cancer
|
3429 (4)
|
5646 (5)
|
1
|
2796 (4)
|
2767 (4)
|
0
|
|
Charlson comorbidity index
|
1.4 ± 1.4
|
1.3 ± 1.4
|
7
|
1.4 ± 1.3
|
1.4 ± 1.4
|
0
|
|
Treatments on day of admission
| | | | | | |
|
Respiratory support
| | | | | | |
|
No supplemental oxygen
|
13,848 (18)
|
21,594 (17)
|
1
|
12,005 (19)
|
12,106 (19)
|
0
|
|
Supplemental oxygen
|
24,938 (32)
|
71,027 (57)
|
53
|
24,121 (39)
|
23,535 (38)
|
2
|
|
Noninvasive ventilation
|
31,769 (40)
|
28,080 (23)
|
39
|
23,015 (37)
|
23,351 (37)
|
1
|
|
Intubation
|
8091 (10)
|
3519 (3)
|
31
|
3211 (5)
|
3360 (5)
|
1
|
|
Intravenous vasodilator
| | | | | | |
|
Carperitide
|
28,527 (36)
|
41,402 (33)
|
6
|
22,282 (36)
|
22,343 (36)
|
0
|
|
Nitrate
|
33,780 (43)
|
35,205 (28)
|
31
|
23,851 (38)
|
24,297 (39)
|
2
|
|
Nicorandil
|
5742 (7)
|
4894 (4)
|
15
|
3533 (6)
|
3598 (6)
|
1
|
|
Calcium-channel blocker
|
9730 (12)
|
11,468 (9)
|
10
|
6980 (11)
|
7018 (11)
|
0
|
|
Diuretic
| | | | | | |
|
Intravenous furosemide
|
52,132 (66)
|
84,840 (68)
|
4
|
42,043 (67)
|
41,961 (67)
|
0
|
|
Tolvaptan
|
5980 (8)
|
11,935 (10)
|
7
|
5152 (8)
|
4945 (8)
|
1
|
|
Inotrope
| | | | | | |
|
Milrinone
|
1059 (1)
|
1206 (1)
|
4
|
687 (1)
|
687 (1)
|
0
|
|
Pimobendan
|
1473 (2)
|
2332 (2)
|
0
|
1203 (2)
|
1216 (2)
|
0
|
|
Dobutamine
|
11,582 (15)
|
12,769 (10)
|
14
|
7580 (12)
|
7706 (12)
|
1
|
|
Vasopressor
| | | | | | |
|
Dopamine
|
5254 (7)
|
5419 (4)
|
10
|
3205 (5)
|
3198 (5)
|
0
|
|
Noradrenaline
|
5871 (7)
|
2782 (2)
|
25
|
2360 (4)
|
2399 (4)
|
0
|
|
Mechanical circulatory support
| | | | | | |
|
Intra-aortic balloon pumping
|
1818 (2)
|
538 (0)
|
16
|
502 (1)
|
519 (1)
|
0
|
|
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
|
375 (0)
|
101 (0)
|
8
|
88 (0)
|
97 (0)
|
0
|
|
Other treatment
| | | | | | |
|
Coronary angiography
|
4252 (5)
|
2503 (2)
|
18
|
2116 (3)
|
2115 (3)
|
0
|
|
Percutaneous coronary intervention
|
1317 (2)
|
601 (0)
|
12
|
539 (1)
|
545 (1)
|
0
|
|
Digoxin
|
3128 (4)
|
4979 (4)
|
0
|
2535 (4)
|
2596 (4)
|
1
|
|
Intravenous beta-blockers
|
3257 (4)
|
4056 (3)
|
5
|
2336 (4)
|
2365 (4)
|
0
|
|
Amiodarone
|
3640 (5)
|
3712 (3)
|
9
|
2369 (4)
|
2431 (4)
|
1
|
|
Cardiac pacing
|
1019 (1)
|
814 (1)
|
7
|
599 (1)
|
603 (1)
|
0
|
|
Intermittent renal replacement therapy
|
3423 (4)
|
3370 (3)
|
9
|
2384 (4)
|
2430 (4)
|
0
|
|
Continuous renal replacement therapy
|
2385 (3)
|
684 (1)
|
19
|
672 (1)
|
663 (1)
|
0
|
|
Antibiotics
|
18,597 (24)
|
24,182 (19)
|
10
|
13,037 (21)
|
13,067 (21)
|
0
|
|
Morphine
|
2421 (3)
|
2015 (2)
|
10
|
1530 (2)
|
1597 (3)
|
1
|
|
Red blood cell transfusion
|
3352 (4)
|
3660 (3)
|
7
|
2108 (3)
|
2090 (3)
|
0
|
|
Hospital characteristics
| | | | | | |
|
Tertiary emergency hospital
|
41,117 (52)
|
83,724 (67)
|
31
|
35,228 (56)
|
34,513 (55)
|
2
|
|
Academic hospital
|
13,678 (17)
|
11,775 (9)
|
23
|
8643 (14)
|
8985 (14)
|
2
|
|
Hospital volume, patients per year
| | | | | | |
|
Low (≤ 66)
|
28,467 (36)
|
38,650 (31)
|
11
|
22,141 (36)
|
22,355 (36)
|
1
|
|
Medium (67–129)
|
28,609 (36)
|
39,238 (32)
|
10
|
21,325 (34)
|
21,692 (35)
|
1
|
|
High (≥ 130)
|
21,570 (27)
|
46,332 (37)
|
21
|
18,886 (30)
|
18,305 (29)
|
2
|
