Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis
Reference (Year) | Country | Study type | Age | AKI definition Increase in | Measurement | Methods | Assay time | Inclusion patients | Renal disease of Non-AKI group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ashwani [24] (2017) | USA | Prospective retrospective cohort study | 56 (50–62) | Scr > 50% and/or > 0.3 mg/dL from baseline within 3 m | uUMOD/Cr | MSD | During the AKI | Adult patients with liver cirrhosis listed for LT | Partly |
Askenazi [12] (2012) | USA | Nested case–control study | Newborns | Scr > 0.3 mg/dL within 48 h or a persistent rise in Scr to ≥ 1.7 mg/dL within 3 days after birth | uUMOD | MSD | The first 4 days | Neonatal intensive care unit | ND |
Askenazi [21] (2016) | USA | Cohort study | Infants | KIDGO | uUMOD | MSD | first 4Â days | VLBW infants | ND |
Michael [19] (2018) | USA | prospective study | Non-AKI 3.9 (0.7–6.6); AKI 1.8(0.5–5.3) | Scr > 50%pre-procedural baseline within no 48 h, post-surgery + modified KDIGO | uUMOD | ELISA | Before LT surgery | Patients < 18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB | ND |
Sweetman [20] (2016) | Ireland | Cohort study | Infants | Scr-based neonatal modification of 2012 KDIGO | uUMOD | MSD | Exposed to PA on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 of life | Infants exposed to perinatal asphyxia | ND |
Bullen [23] (2019) | USA | Cohort study | Non-AKI 73(9), AKI 74(10) | ND | uUMOD | MSD | Baseline | Systolic BP Intervention Trial subjects | CKD |
Romero [27] (2002) | Argentina | Case–control trial | Non-AKI 31(16–60); AKI 40(19–67) | Scr to values > 130umol/L | 24 h-uUMOD | ELISA | After surgery | Liver transplant patients | ND |
Dehne [29] (1998) | Germany | Case–control trial | AKI (36.3 ± 9.8); Non-AKI (37.7 ± 16.9) | ND | 24 h-uUMOD | ELISA | The begining five days of AKI | Intensive care unit patients | ND |
Jeremy [28] (1993) | UK | Case–control trial | Adults | ATN was defined by a rise in serum creatinine level in the absence of histological evidence of rejection in an allograft biopsy. AR: diagnosed on the basis of physical findings, renal functional parameters and allograft biopsy | uUMOD | ELISA | After surgery | Patients in end-stage renal failure who received kidney transplants | ESRD |
Pranav S [25] (2017) | USA | Cohort study | 68.1 ± 11.3 | Scr ≥ 0.3 mg/dl or .1.5 times the preoperative value during the first 72 h after surgery | uUMOD/Cr | ELISA | Before surgery | Adults scheduled to undergo on–pump cardiac surgery | ND |
Tara K [26] (2010) | USA | Case–control trial | AR 12 ± 5; Non-AKI 14 ± 5 | AR: diagnosed by the Banff criteria | uUMOD | ELISA | After surgery | Patients who received kidney transplants | ND |