Paradox of trimethylamine-N-oxide, the impact of malnutrition on microbiota-derived metabolites and septic patients

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses of factors associated with plasma TMAO concentration (log transformation to achieve normality before analysis) in septic patients

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis*
	Std β	p value	Std β	p value
Age	0.018	0.866
Male gender	0.153	0.139
Smoker	0.145	0.161
APACHE II scores	− 0.090	0.387
SOFA scores	− 0.045	0.663
Mean arterial pressure	− 0.248	0.015	− 0.215	0.001
Septic shock	− 0.202	0.050	− 0.155	0.019
Respiratory tract infection	− 0.007	0.943
Urinary tract infection	0.124	0.231
Intra-abdominal infection	− 0.161	0.119
Bloodstream infection	− 0.131	0.205
Antibiotic pre-treatment, numbers	− 0.644	< 0.001	− 0.337	< 0.001
Antibiotic pre-treatment, days	− 0.375	< 0.001
Hypertension	0.170	0.100
Diabetic mellitus	0.088	0.398
Heart failure	− 0.030	0.773
COPD	− 0.114	0.270
Cirrhosis	− 0.041	0.691
Prior CAD	0.294	0.004
Prior stroke or PAD	0.145	0.162
Malignancy	− 0.110	0.291
Autoimmune disease	0.113	0.276
White blood cells (K)	0.047	0.653
Hemoglobin	0.011	0.916
eGFR at ICU admission	− 0.357	< 0.001	− 0.156	0.015
Total bilirubin	− 0.161	0.120
Glucose	0.082	0.427
Lactate	− 0.059	0.573
C-reactive protein	0.261	0.011
Enteral intake of calories	0.602	< 0.001	0.279	< 0.001
Enteral intake of protein	0.566	< 0.001
Total calories (% of target)	0.573	< 0.001
Total protein (% of target)	0.500	< 0.001
Body mass index	0.380	< 0.001
Albumin	0.397	< 0.001
Prealbumin	0.456	< 0.001	0.157	0.025
Nutrition risk index	0.519	< 0.001	0.187	0.007
NRS 2002 scores	− 0.453	< 0.001

TMAO trimethylamine-N-oxide; APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CAD coronary artery disease; CI confidence interval; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAD peripheral arterial disease; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR hazard ratio; NRS-2002 Nutritional Risk Screening 2002
*Adjusted for variables with p < 0.1 in the univariate analysis

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