Table 2 Risk of bias for each included study assessed using the ROBINS-I tool [26]
From: Ensuring competency in focused cardiac ultrasound: a systematic review of training programs
| Â | Bias due to confounding | Bias due to selection of participants | Bias due to classification of interventions | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing outcome data | Bias due to outcome measurements | Bias due to selection of results reported | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alexander 2004 [36] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Critical |
Beraud 2013 [37] | Critical | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Critical |
Caronia 2013 [38] | Critical | Critical | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Critical |
Carrie 2015 [39] | Critical | Serious | Low | Moderate | Low | Serious | Moderate | Critical |
Chisholm 2013 [40] | Critical | Critical | Low | Critical | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Critical |
Croft 2006 [41] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Critical | Moderate | Critical |
Farsi 2017 [42] | Critical | Critical | Moderate | NI | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Critical |
Ferrada 2011 [43] | Critical | Critical | Low | Low | Moderate | Critical | Moderate | Critical |
Gaudet 2016 [44] | Critical | NI | Moderate | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Critical |
Hellmann 2005 [45] | Critical | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Critical |
Johnson 2016 [46] | Critical | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Critical |
Labbe 2016 [47] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Critical |
Lucas 2009 [48] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Critical |
Manasia 2005 [49] | Critical | NI | Serious | Serious | Low | Serious | Serious | Critical |
Martin 2007 [50] | Critical | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Serious | Moderate | Critical |
Mjolstad 2013 [51] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Serious | Low | Critical | Moderate | Critical |
Mozzini 2014 [52] | Critical | Moderate | Serious | Critical | Serious | Critical | Serious | Critical |
Ruddox 2013 [53] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Critical | Moderate | Critical |
Ruddox 2017 [54] | Critical | Serious | Low | Moderate | Critical | Critical | Moderate | Critical |
See 2014 [55] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Critical |
Smith 2018 [56] | Critical | Serious | Moderate | Critical | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Critical |
Vignon 2011 [57] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Critical |
Yan 2018 [58] | Critical | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Critical | Moderate | Critical |