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Table 2 Main results—ICU ventilation data, complications, and outcomes

From: Factors influencing liberation from mechanical ventilation in coronavirus disease 2019: multicenter observational study in fifteen Italian ICUs

 

All patients

Successful liberation from MV 28d

Unsuccessful liberation from MV 28d

 

Initial ventilatory variables a

n = 240 a

n = 93 a

n = 147 a

p

Tidal volume set - mL/kg IBW (IQR)

7.1 (6.5–7.8)

7 (6.5–7.9)

7.1 (6.4–7.7)

0.932

PEEP set - cmH2O (IQR)

12 (10–14)

12 (10–14)

12 (10–14)

0.466

Pplat - cmH2O (IQR)

25 (22–27)

25 (22–27)

25 (22–28)

0.662

CRS in supine position - mL/cmH2O (IQR)

38 (32–47)

39 (32–48)

37 (31–47)

0.297

CRS in supine position < 40 mL/cmH2O – no (%)

132 (55%)

49 (52.7%)

83 (56.5%)

0.567

Mechanical ventilation - first 5 days

n = 391

n = 165

n = 226

p

Highest FiO2 set for at least 12 h - % (IQR)

70 (60–80)

70 (60–80)

75 (60–90)

< 0.001

Lowest PaO2/FiO2 ratio in supine position - (IQR)

100 (76–132)

113 (90–145)

94 (68–123)

< 0.001

PaO2/FiO2 class

   

< 0.001b

200–300 - no (%)

15 (3.8%)

6 (3.6%)

9 (4.0%)

 

100–200 - no (%)

195 (49.9%)

106 (64.2%)

89 (39.4%)

 

< 100 - no (%)

181 (46.3%)

53 (32.1%)

128 (56.6%)

 

Lowest static CRS - mL/cmH2O (IQR)

37 (30–45)

40 (33–47)

35 (30–43)

< 0.001

CRS < 40 mL/cmH2O - no (%)

225 (57.5%)

77 (46.7%)

148 (65.5%)

< 0.001

ICU stay variables

n = 391

n = 165

n = 226

p

Liberation from mechanical ventilation - no (%)

208 (53.2%)

165 (100%)

43 (19%)

–

VFD 28 days - d (IQR)

14 (9–19)

14 (9–19)

0

–

Duration of MV - d (IQR)

16 (10–27)

14 (9 –19)

20 (11–33)

< 0.001

Alivec (n = 250) – d (IQR)

17 (10–30)

14 (9–19)

35 (29–46.5)

< 0.001

Extubation - no (%)

89 (22.8%)

81 (49%)

8 (3.5%)

< 0.001

Tracheotomy - no (%)

224 (57.3%)

83 (50.3%)

141 (62.4%)

0.022

Time from first tracheal intubation to tracheotomy - d (IQR)

9 (5–12)

7 (4–11)

9 (6–13)

0.002

Length of ICU stay - days (IQR)

20 (13–32)

18 (14–27)

21 (11–38)

0.111

Alived (n = 250) - days (IQR)

24 (15–38)

18 (14–27)

42 (32–51)

< 0.001

Dead (n = 141) - days (IQR)

15 (8–22)

0

15 (8–22)

–

Post extubation eventsc

n = 89

n = 81

n = 8

p

Extubation failure within 48 h - no (%)

9 (10.1%)

5 (6.1%)

4 (50%)

< 0.001

Extubation failure over 48 h - no (%)

7 (7.9%)

3 (3.7%)

4 (50%)

< 0.001

NIV/CPAP after extubation - no (%)

51 (57.3%)

43 (53%)

8 (100%)

0.017

HFNO after extubation - no (%)

5 (5.6%)

9 (11%)

1 (12.5%)

0.980

ICU Complications

n = 391

n = 165

n = 226

p

Cardiovascular - no (%)

66 (16.9%)

10 (6.1%)

56 (24.8%)

< 0.001

Neurologic - no (%)

25 (6.4%)

7 (4.2%)

18 (8.0%)

0.137

Gastroenteric - no (%)

20 (5.1%)

6 (3.6%)

14 (6.2%)

0.257

Need for renal replacement therapy - no (%)

76 (19.4%)

13 (7.9%)

63 (27.9%)

< 0.001

Early onset VAP - no (%)

76 (19.4%)

29 (17.6%)

47 (20.8%)

0.427

Lateonset VAP - no (%)

175 (44.8%)

49 (29.7%)

126 (55.8%)

< 0.001

Non-pulmonary infections - no (%)

112 (28.6%)

35 (21.2%)

77 (34.1%)

0.005

Still in ICU at the end of observation - no (%)

39 (9.7%)

4 (2.4%)

35 (15.5%)

< 0.001

ICU mortalityd - no (%)

141 (36.1%)

0 (0%)

141 (62.4%)

< 0.001

  1. Abbreviations: IBW ideal body weight, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, Pplat plateau pressure, CRS respiratory system compliance measured in a supine position, FiO2 inspired fraction of oxygen, PaO2 arterial oxygen partial pressure, MV mechanical ventilation, NIV non-invasive ventilation, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, HFNO high flow nasal oxygen, VFD ventilator-free days, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia
  2. aIncomplete data due to transfer from other ICUs without complete medical records
  3. bp value referred to Pearson’s chi-square test performed on the contingency table represented cThe percentages of extubation failures and NIV/CPAP/HFNO use after extubation are referred to the total number of the patients extubated
  4. dPatients discharged alive from ICU or still in ICU at the end of observation
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Journal of Intensive Care

ISSN: 2052-0492