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Table 2 Infusion volume, electrolyte and glucose abnormalities, acute kidney injury, and other outcomes

From: Saline versus 5% dextrose in water as a drug diluent for critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study

 

Total (N = 844)

D5W (n = 365)

Saline (n = 479)

p value

Observation period, days

3.99 (2.87–6.80)

3.89 (2.88–6.44)

4.13 (2.86–7.00)

0.233

Continuous infusion

 Saline, mL

4 (0–145)

0 (0–126)

27 (0–164)

0.009

 D5W, mL

254 (50–608)

257 (68–557)

253 (42–634)

0.851

 Other crystalloids, mL

2492 (1506–3586)

2525 (1658–3620)

2430 (1359–3568)

0.427

Intermittent infusion

 Saline, mL

650 (150–1326)

150 (0–450)

1000 (650–1750)

< 0.001

 D5W, mL

387 (0–916)

800 (535–1365)

0 (0–250)

< 0.001

 Other crystalloids, mL

0 (0–500)

0 (0–500)

0 (0–500)

0.336

Total infusion, mL

4845 (3443–6,762)

4697 (3475–6502)

4883 (3381–6988)

0.541

 Saline, mL

795 (250–1759)

207 (50–700)

1150 (700–2050)

< 0.001

 D5W, mL

770 (312–1493)

1220 (752–1896)

418 (170–1003)

< 0.001

 Other crystalloids, mL

2802 (1702–3988)

2850 (1894–3896)

2759 (1513–4036)

0.423

Hyperglycemiaa

374/655 (57.1)

161/285 (56.5)

213/370 (57.6)

0.811

Hypernatremiab

160/735 (21.8)

47/321 (14.6)

113/414 (27.3)

< 0.001

Blood glucose SD, mg/dLc

22 (17–30)

21 (16–29)

23 (17–30)

0.235

Hypoglycemiad

88/833 (10.6)

29/359 (8.1)

59/474 (12.0)

0.053

Hyponatremiae

95/723 (13.1)

44/313 (14.1)

51/410 (12.4)

0.579

Hyperchloremiaf

160/533 (30.0)

45/221 (20.4)

115/312 (36.9)

< 0.001

AKI diagnosisg

377/639 (59.0)

165/283 (58.3)

212/356 (59.5)

0.808

AKI maximum stageg

   

0.826

 Stage 1

204 (54.1)

85 (51.5)

119 (56.1)

 

 Stage 2

132 (35.0)

61 (37.0)

71 (33.5)

 

 Stage 3

41 (10.9)

19 (11.6)

22 (10.4)

 

RRT requirementg

20 (3.1)

6 (2.1)

14 (3.9)

0.254

ICU LOS, days

4.0 (2.9–6.8)

3.9 (2.9–6.4)

4.1 (2.9–7.3)

0.269

Hospital LOS, days

38 (23–62)

40 (24–62)

37 (23–62)

0.497

ICU mortality

50 (5.9)

24 (6.6)

26 (5.4)

0.557

Hospital mortality

125 (14.8)

56 (15.3)

69 (14.4)

0.769

  1. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%)
  2. AKI acute kidney injury, D5W dextrose 5% in water, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, RRT renal replacement therapy, SD standard deviation
  3. aPatients with baseline blood glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL were excluded (189 patients)
  4. bPatients with baseline sodium ≥ 145 mmol/L were excluded (109 patients)
  5. cPatients with blood glucose < 70 mg/dL or ≥ 180 mg/dL were excluded (200 patients)
  6. dPatients with baseline blood glucose < 70 mg/dL were excluded (11 patients)
  7. ePatients with baseline sodium < 135 mmol/L were excluded (121 patients)
  8. fPatients with baseline chloride ≥ 110 mmol/L were excluded (311 patients)
  9. gPatients who received a diagnosis of AKI at ICU admission were excluded (205 patients)
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Journal of Intensive Care

ISSN: 2052-0492