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Table 1 Summary of included studies

From: Balanced crystalloids versus isotonic saline in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

First author Year Study design Follow-up period for outcomes Reported outcomes Fluid type Number of total patients
Young 2015 Multi-center double-blind, cluster randomized, double-crossover trial 90 days after randomizations for all variables Hospital and ICU mortality, AKI and RRT Plasma-Lyte 1152
Saline 1110
Verma 2016 Multi-center double-bind randomized controlled trial AKI during the first 4 days while other outcomes till discharge Hospital and ICU mortality, AKI and RRT Plasma-Lyte 33
Saline 34
Semler (SMART trial) 2018 Single center unblinded, cluster randomized, multiple crossover trial Death at 60 days, AKI after enrollment, RRT at 28 days. Hospital and ICU mortality, AKI and RRT LR or Plasma-Lyte 7942
Saline 7860
Semler (SALT trial) 2016 Single-center prospective, open-label, cluster-randomized, multiple crossover trial Death at 60 days, AKI after enrollment, RRT at 28 days. Hospital and ICU mortality, AKI and RRT LR or Plasma-Lyte 520
Saline 454
Young 2014 Single center randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial In-hospital mortality at 30 days Hospital mortality Plasma-Lyte 22
Saline 24
Ratanarat 2017 Single-center randomized controlled trial AKI during the first 7 days AKI and RRT Balanced 88
Saline 93
  1. AKI acute kidney injury, RRT renal replacement therapy, ICU intensive care unit, LR lactated Ringer’s
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