Table 1 Patient demographics and clinical factors by primary stroke etiology (hemorrhagic or ischemic)
From: Early versus late tracheostomy after decompressive craniectomy for stroke
Total | ICH | Ischemic | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 168 | 131 (78%) | 37 (22%) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 55.3 (15.3) | 55.3 (16.2) | 55.2 (12.0) | 0.116 |
Male | 91 (54%) | 65 (50%) | 26 (70%) | 0.039 |
Race | ||||
White | 86 (57%) | 68 (59%) | 18 (53%) | 0.547 |
African American | 51 (34%) | 37 (32%) | 14 (41%) | |
Other | 13 (9%) | 11 (9%) | 2 (6%) | |
BMI, mean (SD) | 28.1 (7.4) | 27.6 (7.6) | 29.7 (6.2) | 0.148 |
Myocardial infarction | 8 (5%) | 6 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 1.000 |
Congestive heart failure | 9 (5%) | 3 (2%) | 6 (16%) | 0.004 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 11 (7%) | 6 (5%) | 5 (13%) | 0.067 |
Dementia | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 23 (14%) | 19 (15%) | 4 (11%) | 0.787 |
Chronic lung disease | 17 (10%) | 14 (11%) | 3 (8%) | 0.766 |
Ulcer | 3 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
Chronic liver disease | 6 (4%) | 6 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.340 |
Diabetes | 30 (18%) | 18 (14%) | 12 (32%) | 0.015 |
Moderate–severe kidney disease | 13 (8%) | 13 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 0.074 |
Diabetes with organ damage | 4 (2%) | 4 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.577 |
Tumor | 10 (6%) | 9 (7%) | 1 (3%) | 0.461 |
Leukemia | 3 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
Lymphoma | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA |
Moderate–severe liver disease | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
Malignant tumor | 9 (5%) | 8 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 0.685 |
Metastasis | 5 (3%) | 5 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.588 |
AIDS | 3 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (5%) | 0.124 |
Hosp. LOS, mean (SD) | 25.8 (27.0) | 27.1 (29.2) | 21.2 (16.2) | 0.246 |
Discharge location | ||||
SNF | 35 (27.8%) | 26 (26.8%) | 9 (31.0%) | 0.560 |
AIR | 54 (42.9%) | 40 (41.2%) | 14 (48.3%) | |
Home | 25 (19.8%) | 22 (22.7%) | 3 (10.3%) | |
LTAC | 10 (7.9%) | 7 (7.2%) | 3 (10.3%) | |
Hospice | 2 (1.6%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Discharge condition | ||||
Alive | 126 (75.0%) | 97 (74.0%) | 29 (78.4%) | 0.671 |
Dead without comfort care | 5 (3.0%) | 4 (3.1%) | 1 (2.7%) | |
Dead with comfort care | 37 (22.0%) | 30 (22.9%) | 7 (18.9%) | |
ICU LOS, mean (SD) | 15.1 (16.2) | 16.0 (17.7) | 11.9 (8.8) | 0.190 |
Readmission to ICU | 37 (22.2%) | 26 (20.0%) | 11 (29.7%) | 0.261 |
GCS on adm., mean (SD) | 9.3 (3.7) | 8.9 (3.8) | 10.6 (3.2) | 0.012 |
Admission mRS, mean (SD) | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.9 (0.5) | 5.0 (0.0) | 0.068 |
SOFA score, mean (SD) | 6.5 (2.8) | 6.6 (2.8) | 6.1 (2.7) | 0.331 |
NIHSS, mean (SD) | 18.3 (7.2) | – | 18.3 (7.2) | NA |
Location | ||||
Bilateral supratentorial | 8 (4.8%) | 8 (6.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.456 |
Infratentorial | 32 (19.0%) | 24 (18.3%) | 8 (21.6%) | |
Left supratentorial | 57 (33.9%) | 45 (34.4%) | 12 (32.4%) | |
Right supratentorial | 71 (42.3%) | 54 (41.2%) | 17 (45.9%) | |
ICH score, mean (SD) | 1.81 (0.95) | 1.81 (0.95) | – | NA |
IVH | 62 (48.1%) | 62 (48.1%) | – | NA |
Hydrocephalus | 88 (68.8%) | 88 (68.8%) | – | |
Time to surgery, mean (SD) | 1.70 (3.6) | 1.70 (3.9) | 1.68 (2.4) | 0.969 |
Time to ventilator, mean (SD) | 0.65 (2.4) | 0.63 (2.7) | 0.73 (1.3) | 0.821 |
Duration of ventilator, mean (SD) | 8.1 (7.7) | 8.8 (8.1) | 5.9 (5.4) | 0.051 |
# failed weans, mean (SD) | 0.37 (0.56) | 0.36 (0.57) | 0.38 (0.55) | 0.873 |
Tracheostomy | 48 (28.6%) | 37 (28.2%) | 11 (29.7%) | 0.840 |
Hosp tracheostomy day, mean (SD) | 13.8 (7.2) | 14.4 (7.9) | 11.8 (4.0) | 0.301 |
Duration tracheostomy, mean (SD) | 29.8 (28.3) | 30.2 (27.2) | 28.3 (33.3) | 0.912 |
Tracheostomy at discharge | 39 (81.3%) | 28 (75.7%) | 11 (100%) | 0.070 |
Total TRACH score | 2.3 (2.4) | 2.3 (2.4) | – | NA |
Number of VAP, mean (SD) | 0.56 (1.22) | 0.59 (1.27) | 0.46 (1.04) | 0.574 |
Hospital VAP day, mean (SD) | 9.5 (11.2) | 9.2 (11.6) | 10.3 (10.6) | 0.826 |
Tracheostomy VAP day, mean (SD) | − 2 (16.6) | − 4.2 (17.8) | 3.2 (13.4) | 0.421 |