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Table 1 Epidemiology of pediatric sepsis in multicenter studies in developed countries since 2003

From: Update on pediatric sepsis: a review

Authors, year

Country

Design

Data source

Settings

Age

Incidence/prevalence

Mortality

Watson et al. 2003 [1]

USA

7 states

Retrospective

Hospital discharge database

ICD-9a coding & modified Angus criteria

1995

≤19 years

Incidence 0.56 per 1000 population (1995)

Hospital 10.3%

Hartman et al. 2013 [14]

USA

7 states

Retrospective

Hospital discharge database

ICD-9a coding & modified Angus criteria

1995, 2000, 2005

≤19 years

Incidence 0.89 per 1000 population (2005)

Hospital 8.9% (2005)

Ruth et al. 2014 [17]

USA

43 PICUs

Retrospective

PHISb database

ICD-9a coding & modified Angus criteria

2004–2012

≤18 years

Prevalence

6.2% (2004) to 7.7% (2012)

Hospital 14.4%;

18.9% (2004) to 12.0% (2012)

Wolfler et at. 2008 [23]

Italia

15 PICUs

Prospective

Proulx’s criteriac

2004–2005

≤16 years

Incidence

Severe sepsis 1.6%

Septic shock 2.1%

ICU

Severe sepsis 17.7%

Septic shockd 50.8%

Shime et al. 2011 [22]

Japan

9 PICUs

Prospective

Severe sepsis

≤15 years

Prevalence 1.4%

28-day 18.9%

Schlapbach et al. 2015 [18]

Australia/New Zealand

9 PICUs & 22 mixed ICUs

Retrospective

dANZPIC registry

Invasive infection, sepsis, septic shock

2002–2013

<16 years

Prevalence

Invasive infection 6.9%

Sepsis 2.9%

Septic shock 2.1%

ICU

Invasive infection 3.9%

Sepsis 5.6%

Septic shock 17.0%

Weiss et al. 2015 (SPROUT) [19]

26 countries worldwide

128 PICUs

Point prevalence

Severe sepsis

5 days, 2013–2014

<18 years

Prevalence 8.2%

eICU 23%

eHospital 24%

  1. a ICD-9 International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision
  2. b PHIS Pediatric Health Information Systems
  3. cProulx’s definition of septic shock was different from Goldstein’s definition, now common in the world. Briefly, Proulx’s septic shock necessitated hypotension despite 20 mls/kg of fluid administration, while Goldstein’s septic shock is defined as inadequate perfusion, regardless of blood pressure, after 40 mls/kg of fluid resuscitation
  4. d ANZPIC Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care
  5. eThese mortality rates were only for the sites in the developed world