Table 2 Summary of the clinical trials for permissive hypotension/hypotensive resuscitation and restricted/controlled resuscitation

Permissive hypotension,

Hypotensive resuscitation

Dutton et al. 2002

RCT

With traumatic injury, ongoing hemorrhage, and had a SBP <90 mmHg

Fluid administration titrated to SBP of 70 mmHg

Fluid administration titrated to SBP of 100 mmHg

The overall survival rate did not differ

N.A.

N.A.

The mean age was 31, excluding patients older than 55 and medical history of diabetes or coronary artery disease

Morrison et al. 2011

RCT

Undergoing emergency laparotomy or thoracotomy for trauma, who had SBP ≤90 mmHg

Fluid administration titrated to MAP of 50 mmHg

Fluid administration titrated to MAP of 65 mmHg

30-day mortality did not differ

Mortality in the early postoperative period was decreased, and received blood products were fewer

Immediate postoperative coagulopathy was less

Patients older than 45 years were excluded. 93% were penetrating injury

Restricted resuscitation,

Controlled resuscitation

Brown et al. 2013

Post hoc analysis

With blunt injury, out-of-hospital SBP ≤90 mmHg, and ISS >15

Pre-hospital crystalloid resuscitation, ≤500 ml

Pre-hospital crystalloid resuscitation, >500 ml

30-day in-hospital mortality did not differ

Without pre-hospital hypotension, control group was associated with an increased risk of mortality

Without pre-hospital hypotension, control group was associated with an increased risk of acute coagulopathy

Post hoc analysis, only blunt trauma

Schreiber et al. 2015

RCT

With blunt or penetrating injury and out-of-hospital SBP ≤90 mmHg

250 mL of fluid as an initial bolus, additional fluid to maintain an SBP of 70 mmHg

2 L of fluid as an initial bolus, additional fluid to maintain an SBP of 110 mmHg

The mean crystalloid volume administered was less

24-h mortality was decreased in patients with blunt trauma

Coagulation values at the emergency department did not differ

Feasibility and pilot study