Fig. 5

a Electron micrograph showing the endothelial glycocalyx in a capillary of the rat left ventricular myocardium, as indicated by an Alcian blue 8GX staining. Cited from reference [9] with permission. b Schema representing a difference of plasma volume measured by dye dilution and hematocrit dilution. Dye (i.e., indocyanine green) diffuses into the endothelial surface layer (ESL) and thus measures plasma volume inside the red thick line, whereas hematocrit reflects plasma volume excluding the ESL (red dotted line)