|
Defibrillation, n (%)
|
69
|
(10.5)
|
29
|
(37.7)
|
32
|
(6.3)
|
8
|
(11.8)
|
<0.001
|
|
Tracheal intubation, n (%)
| | | | | | | | |
0.013
|
|
Yes
|
449
|
(68.3)
|
61
|
(79.2)
|
334
|
(65.2)
|
54
|
(79.4)
| |
|
Intubated by EMS personnel in prehospital settings
|
148
|
(22.5)
|
14
|
(18.2)
|
126
|
(24.6)
|
8
|
(11.8)
| |
|
No
|
60
|
(9.1)
|
2
|
(2.6)
|
52
|
(10.2)
|
6
|
(8.8)
| |
|
Extracorporeal life support, n (%)
|
20
|
(3.0)
|
13
|
(16.9)
|
6
|
(1.2)
|
1
|
(1.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Intra-aortic balloon pumping, n (%)
|
19
|
(2.9)
|
12
|
(15.6)
|
5
|
(1.0)
|
2
|
(2.9)
|
<0.001
|
|
Coronary angiography, n (%)
|
42
|
(6.4)
|
31
|
(40.3)
|
8
|
(1.6)
|
3
|
(4.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
Percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%)
|
23
|
(3.5)
|
17
|
(22.1)
|
5
|
(1.0)
|
1
|
(1.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Target temperature management, n (%)
|
61
|
(9.3)
|
34
|
(44.2)
|
23
|
(4.5)
|
4
|
(5.9)
|
<0.001
|
|
Drug administration during cardiac arrest (multiple choice)
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Adrenaline, n (%)
|
546
|
(83.1)
|
57
|
(74.0)
|
436
|
(85.2)
|
53
|
(77.9)
|
0.021
|
|
Amiodarone, n (%)
|
10
|
(1.5)
|
9
|
(11.7)
|
1
|
(0.2)
|
0
|
(0.0)
|
<0.001
|
|
Nifekalant, n (%)
|
11
|
(1.7)
|
8
|
(10.4)
|
3
|
(0.6)
|
0
|
(0.0)
|
<0.001
|
|
Lidocaine, n (%)
|
13
|
(2.0)
|
9
|
(11.7)
|
3
|
(0.6)
|
1
|
(1.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Atropine, n (%)
|
15
|
(2.3)
|
6
|
(7.8)
|
8
|
(1.6)
|
1
|
(1.5)
|
0.003
|
|
Magnesium, n (%)
|
13
|
(2.0)
|
9
|
(11.7)
|
3
|
(0.6)
|
1
|
(1.5)
|
<0.001
|
|
Vasopressin, n (%)
|
0
|
(0.0)
|
0
|
(0.0)
|
0
|
(0.0)
|
0
|
(0.0)
| |
|
Arterial blood gases at hospital arrival, mean (SD)a
| | | | | | | | | |
|
pH
|
6.93
|
(0.19)
|
7.02
|
(0.18)
|
6.91
|
(0.19)
|
7.01
|
(0.19)
|
<0.001
|
|
PaCO2 (mmHg)
|
86.1
|
(37.8)
|
69.8
|
(30.6)
|
91.0
|
(38.2)
|
70.1
|
(33.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
PaO2 (mmHg)
|
79.3
|
(107.3)
|
126.0
|
(138.9)
|
71.6
|
(98.6)
|
79.7
|
(112.8)
|
<0.001
|
|
HCO3 (mEq/l)
|
16.1
|
(5.6)
|
16.4
|
(4.8)
|
16.2
|
(5.7)
|
15.1
|
(5.3)
|
0.342
|
|
Base excess (mEq/l)
|
-16.4
|
(7.5)
|
-14.6
|
(7.8)
|
-16.8
|
(7.5)
|
-15.2
|
(6.9)
|
0.020
|
|
Lactate (mmol/l)
|
13.2
|
(5.4)
|
11.1
|
(4.7)
|
13.8
|
(5.4)
|
11.9
|
(5.3)
|
<0.001
|
|
Glucose (mg/dl)
|
223
|
(126)
|
265
|
(113)
|
219
|
(125)
|
206
|
(137)
|
0.007
|
|
Laboratory data at hospital arrival, mean (SD)a
| | | | | | | | | |
|
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl)
|
25.3
|
(21.9)
|
20.6
|
(11.1)
|
24.3
|
(18.2)
|
39.8
|
(42.7)
|
<0.001
|
|
Creatinine (mg/dl)
|
1.4
|
(1.2)
|
1.3
|
(1.1)
|
1.4
|
(1.2)
|
1.7
|
(1.2)
|
0.139
|
|
Total protein (g/dl)
|
6.0
|
(1.0)
|
6.1
|
(1.0)
|
6.0
|
(1.0)
|
5.8
|
(1.3)
|
0.320
|
|
Albumin (g/dl)
|
3.1
|
(0.7)
|
3.3
|
(0.7)
|
3.0
|
(0.7)
|
3.0
|
(0.9)
|
0.019
|
|
Sodium (mEq/l)
|
139.9
|
(7.7)
|
139.7
|
(4.9)
|
139.8
|
(8.4)
|
140.7
|
(4.5)
|
0.723
|
|
Potassium (mEq/l)
|
6.3
|
(2.8)
|
4.5
|
(1.3)
|
6.7
|
(2.9)
|
5.6
|
(2.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
Ammonia (μg/dl)
|
283.8
|
(287)
|
128
|
(114)
|
325
|
(307)
|
195
|
(215)
|
0.025
|
