Table 4 In-hospital advanced treatments, drug administrations, and arterial blood gases by the type of first documented rhythm at EMS arrival

Defibrillation, n (%)

69

(10.5)

29

(37.7)

32

(6.3)

8

(11.8)

<0.001

Tracheal intubation, n (%)

0.013

 Yes

449

(68.3)

61

(79.2)

334

(65.2)

54

(79.4)

 Intubated by EMS personnel in prehospital settings

148

(22.5)

14

(18.2)

126

(24.6)

8

(11.8)

 No

60

(9.1)

2

(2.6)

52

(10.2)

6

(8.8)

Extracorporeal life support, n (%)

20

(3.0)

13

(16.9)

6

(1.2)

1

(1.5)

<0.001

Intra-aortic balloon pumping, n (%)

19

(2.9)

12

(15.6)

5

(1.0)

2

(2.9)

<0.001

Coronary angiography, n (%)

42

(6.4)

31

(40.3)

8

(1.6)

3

(4.4)

<0.001

Percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%)

23

(3.5)

17

(22.1)

5

(1.0)

1

(1.5)

<0.001

Target temperature management, n (%)

61

(9.3)

34

(44.2)

23

(4.5)

4

(5.9)

<0.001

Drug administration during cardiac arrest (multiple choice)

 Adrenaline, n (%)

546

(83.1)

57

(74.0)

436

(85.2)

53

(77.9)

0.021

 Amiodarone, n (%)

10

(1.5)

9

(11.7)

1

(0.2)

0

(0.0)

<0.001

 Nifekalant, n (%)

11

(1.7)

8

(10.4)

3

(0.6)

0

(0.0)

<0.001

 Lidocaine, n (%)

13

(2.0)

9

(11.7)

3

(0.6)

1

(1.5)

<0.001

 Atropine, n (%)

15

(2.3)

6

(7.8)

8

(1.6)

1

(1.5)

0.003

 Magnesium, n (%)

13

(2.0)

9

(11.7)

3

(0.6)

1

(1.5)

<0.001

 Vasopressin, n (%)

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

0

(0.0)

Arterial blood gases at hospital arrival, mean (SD)^a

 pH

6.93

(0.19)

7.02

(0.18)

6.91

(0.19)

7.01

(0.19)

<0.001

 PaCO₂ (mmHg)

86.1

(37.8)

69.8

(30.6)

91.0

(38.2)

70.1

(33.1)

<0.001

 PaO₂ (mmHg)

79.3

(107.3)

126.0

(138.9)

71.6

(98.6)

79.7

(112.8)

<0.001

 HCO₃ (mEq/l)

16.1

(5.6)

16.4

(4.8)

16.2

(5.7)

15.1

(5.3)

0.342

 Base excess (mEq/l)

-16.4

(7.5)

-14.6

(7.8)

-16.8

(7.5)

-15.2

(6.9)

0.020

 Lactate (mmol/l)

13.2

(5.4)

11.1

(4.7)

13.8

(5.4)

11.9

(5.3)

<0.001

 Glucose (mg/dl)

223

(126)

265

(113)

219

(125)

206

(137)

0.007

Laboratory data at hospital arrival, mean (SD)^a

 Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dl)

25.3

(21.9)

20.6

(11.1)

24.3

(18.2)

39.8

(42.7)

<0.001

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.4

(1.2)

1.3

(1.1)

1.4

(1.2)

1.7

(1.2)

0.139

 Total protein (g/dl)

6.0

(1.0)

6.1

(1.0)

6.0

(1.0)

5.8

(1.3)

0.320

 Albumin (g/dl)

3.1

(0.7)

3.3

(0.7)

3.0

(0.7)

3.0

(0.9)

0.019

 Sodium (mEq/l)

139.9

(7.7)

139.7

(4.9)

139.8

(8.4)

140.7

(4.5)

0.723

 Potassium (mEq/l)

6.3

(2.8)

4.5

(1.3)

6.7

(2.9)

5.6

(2.1)

<0.001

 Ammonia (μg/dl)

283.8

(287)

128

(114)

325

(307)

195

(215)

0.025