Table 1 Examples of items/equipment with reported contaminating bacteria in ICU
From: Bacterial contamination of inanimate surfaces and equipment in the intensive care unit
Contaminated item/equipment in ICU | Microorganisms | References |
|---|---|---|
ECG leads | VRE | Falk et al. (2000) [4] |
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, P. aeruginosa | Lestari et al. (2013) [40] | |
Blood pressure cuffs | S. aureus (MRSA) | Matsuo et al. (2013) [66] |
Ventilator (e.g., buttons, circuits) | S. aureus P. aeruginosa | Sui et al. (2012) [46] |
Suction system switches | S. aureus, P. aeruginosa | Sui et al. (2012) [46] |
Medical charts | Coagulase-negative staphylococci, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae | Teng et al. (2009) [38] |
Portable radiograph equipment | S. aureus (MRSA), VRE, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa | Levin et al. (2009) [12] |
Ultrasound machine | S. aureus (MRSA, MSSA), Coagulase-negative staphylococci, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, Corinenebacterium spp., Bacillus spp. | Shokoohi et al. (2015) [20] Koibuchi et al. (2013) [57] |
Bed rails | A. baumannii | Catalano et al. (1999) [67] |
Stethoscopes | S. aureus, A. baumannii | Whittington et al. (2009) [45] |
White coats/scrubs | A. baumannii | Munoz-Price et al. (2012) [68] |
Telephone/cell phones | A. baumannii | Borer et al. (2005) |
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, S. aureus, Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria | Ulger et al. (2009) [13] | |
Computer keyboards | Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria | Rutala et al. (2006) [69] |
Handwashing sink | Klebsiella spp. | Roux et al. (2013) [70] |