Figure 1

Principle setup of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy. An air/oxygen blender, allowing from 0.21 to 1.0 F_IO₂, generates up to 60 L/min flow. The gas is heated and humidified through an active heated humidifier and delivered via a single-limb heated inspiratory circuit. The patient breathes the adequately heated and humidified medical gas through nasal cannulas with a large diameter.