Figure 4

rhsTM attenuated the increase in cytokine and chemokine mRNA in VILI in rats. Cytokine [interleukin (IL)-1α (A), IL-1β (B), IL-6 (C), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (D)] and chemokine (macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2) (E) mRNA expressions in the lung tissue were significantly higher in the HV/SAL group than in the LV/SAL group. Note significant differences between the HV/TM group and HV/SAL group for IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP-2. *P < 0.05 versus the LV group. #P < 0.05 versus the HV/SAL group. n = number of rats. See Figure 2 for abbreviations.