Author, nationality | Type of hospital | Causes of AHRF | Groups: n | Ages (years) | Gender (male/female) | P/F ratio | PaCO2 (mmHg) | Type of patients |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AlptekinoÄŸlu et al. 2021 Turkey | Academic hospital | Pneumonia, extra-pulmonary sepsis, pleural effusion, non-infections pulmonary disease, CHF, ARDS and other | HFNC: 51 | Mean (SD): 57(15) | 33/18 | Mean (SD): 256(19) | Mean (SD): 30(5) | Immunocompromised patients |
NIV: 49 | Mean (SD): 58(12) | 33/16 | Mean (SD): 270(23) | Mean (SD): 32(5) | ||||
Andino et al. 2020 Spanish | Academic hospital | Community/ hospital-acquired pneumonia, adult respiratory distress, pulmonary embolism and other diagnoses | HFNC: 24 | Mean (SD): 58(19) | 13/11 | Mean (SD): 96(29) | Mean (SD): 35(6) | NR |
NIV: 22 | Mean (SD): 61(11) | 13/9 | Mean (SD): 95(37) | Mean (SD): 34(7) | ||||
Azoulay et al. 2018 France | 24 university-affiliated, 8 non–university-affiliated hospitals | Chronic respiratory diseases, heart failure, liver/kidney diseases | HFNC: 388 | Median (IQR): 64(55–70) | 270/118 | Median (IQR): 136(96–187) | NR | Immunocompromised patients |
NIV: 388 | Median (IQR): 63(56–70) | 147/141 | Median (IQR): 128(92–164) | NR | ||||
Bell et al. 2015 Australia | Tertiary referral hospitals | NR | HFNC: 48 | Mean (SD): 72.9(14) | 20/28 | NR | NR | NR |
NIV: 52 | Mean (SD): 72.9(15.1) | 24/28 | NR | NR | ||||
Coudroy et al. 2022 France | Academic hospital | NR | HFNC: 154 | Mean (SD): 62(13) | 95/59 | Mean (SD): 148(56) | Mean (SD): 34(6) | Immunocompromised patients |
NIV: 145 | Mean (SD): 65(12) | 97/48 | Mean (SD): 147(57) | Mean (SD): 35(6) | ||||
Feng et al. 2020 China | Academic hospital | Community acquired pneumonia, Hospital acquired pneumonia, Extrapulmonary sepsis, other | HFNC:40 | Mean (SD): 60(9) | 27/13 | Mean (SD): 154(61) | Mean (SD): 32(5) | NR |
SO: 39 | Mean (SD): 55(13) | 22/17 | Mean (SD): 142(67) | Mean (SD): 36(4) | ||||
NIV: 37 | Mean (SD): 57(11) | 22/15 | Mean (SD): 148(62) | Mean (SD): 39(5) | ||||
Frat et al. 2015 France | Academic hospital | Community acquired pneumonia, Hospital acquired pneumonia, Extrapulmonary sepsis, aspiration or drowning, Pneumonia-related to immunosuppression, Other | HFNC: 106 | Mean (SD): 61(16) | 75/31 | Mean (SD): 157(89) | Mean (SD): 36(6) | NR |
SO: 94 | Mean (SD): 59(17) | 63/31 | Mean (SD): 161(73) | Mean (SD): 35(5) | ||||
NIV: 110 | Mean (SD): 61(17) | 74/36 | Mean (SD): 149(72) | Mean (SD): 34(5) | ||||
Frat et al. 2022 France | 34 ICUs in France | COVID-19 | HFNC: 357 | Mean (SD): 61(12) | 250/107 | Mean (SD): 128(31) | Mean (SD): 35(5) | COVID-19 patients |
NIV: 354 | Mean (SD): 61(12) | 247/107 | Mean (SD): 132(31) | Mean (SD): 35(4) | ||||
Grieco et al. 2021 Italy | Academic hospital | COVID-19 | HFNC: 55 | Median (IQR): 63(55–69) | 46/9 | Median (IQR): 102(80–124) | Median (IQR): 34(32–37) | COVID-19 patients |
NIV: 54 | Median (IQR): 66(57–72) | 42/12 | Median (IQR): 105(83–125) | Median (IQR): 34(31–37) | ||||
Jones et al. 2016 New Zealand | A tertiary academic inner-city hospital | NR | HFNC: 165 | Mean (SD): 74.6(15.6) | 73/92 | NR | NR | NR |
NIV: 138 | Mean (SD): 72.2(16.8) | 71/67 | NR | NR | ||||
Lemiale et al. 2015 France | Academic hospital | Sepsis, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, noninfectious pulmonary disease, lung involvement by the underlying disease, large pleural effusion, Pneumocystis pneumonia, miscellaneous, no diagnosis | HFNC: 52 | Median (IQR): 59.3(43–70) | 38/14 | Median (IQR): 128(48–178) | NR | Immunocompromised patients |
NIV: 48 | Median (IQR): 64.5(53.25–72) | 32/16 | Median (IQR): 100 (40–156) | NR | ||||
Lemiale et al. 2016 France | Academic hospital | Infection, Cardiogenic edema, Opportunistic infection, fungal infection, others | HFNC: 127 | Median (IQR): 64 (53–72) | 85/42 | NR | NR | Immunocompromised patients |
NIV: 226 | Median (IQR): 63 (52–70) | 63/163 | NR | NR | ||||
Liu et al. 2018 China | NR | NR | HFNC: 40 | Mean (SD): 50.85(7.53) | 22/18 | NR | NR | Immunocompromised patients |
NIV: 40 | Mean (SD): 52. 31(6.78) | 24/16 | NR | NR | ||||
Nair et al. 2021 India | ICU in All India Institute of Medical Sciences | COVID-19 | HFNC: 55 | Median (IQR): 57(48–65) | 44/11 | Median (IQR):105.0 (92.0–139.3) | Median (IQR):34 (26.3–38.5) | COVID-19 patients |
NIV: 54 | Median (IQR): 57.5(47–64) | 35/19 | Median (IQR):111.2 (89.8–145.0) | Median (IQR):32 (26.0–43.3) | ||||
OspinaTascón et al. 2021 Colombia | NR | COVID-19 | HFNC: 99 | Median (IQR): 60(50–69) | 71/28 | Median (IQR): 104(85–132) | Median (IQR): 32(30–35) | COVID-19 patients |
NIV: 100 | Median (IQR): 59(49–67) | 63/37 | Median (IQR): 105(85–141) | Median (IQR): 32(30–36) | ||||
Perkins et al. 2022 UK | 48 acute care hospitals in the UK and Jersey | COVID-19 | HFNC: 418 | Mean (SD): 57.6(13.0) | 272/146 | Median (IQR): 115.0 (80.9–168.4) | Median (IQR): 33.0 (30.0–36.0) | COVID-19 patients |
NIV: 380 | Mean (SD): 56.7(12.5) | 260/120 | Median (IQR): 112.5 (80.0–161.3) | Median (IQR): 33.0 (30.0–36.8) | ||||
COT: 475 | Mean (SD): 57.6(12.7) | 312/163 | Median (IQR): 113.8 (84.8–150.9) | Median (IQR): 33.8 (30.8–36.8) | ||||
Qiao et al. 2021 China | University-affiliated hospital | AIS | HFNC: 50 | Mean (SD): 68.7(10.2) | 30/20 | Mean (SD): 223.3(17.8) | NR | AIS patients |
NIV: 48 | Mean (SD): 70.4(12.4) | 30/18 | Mean (SD): 217.3(18.6) | NR | ||||
Rittayamai et al. 2015 Thailand | Academic hospital | NR | HFNC: 20 | Mean (SD): 65.6(14.4) | 9/11 | NR | NR | NR |
NIV: 20 | Mean (SD): 63.6(15.7) | 6/14 | NR | NR | ||||
Stephan et al. 2015 France | NR | Cardiothoracic surgery | HFNC: 414 | Median (IQR): 63.8 (62.5–65.2) | 273/141 | Median (IQR): 196 (187–204) | Median (IQR): 38.7 (38.1–39.4) | Cardiothoracic surgery patients |
NIV: 416 | Median (IQR): 63.9 (62.6–65.2) | 278/138 | Median (IQR): 203 (195–212) | Median (IQR): 39.1 (38.4–39.8) | ||||
Vourc'h et al. 2019 France | Academic hospital | Atelectasis, Hemothorax, Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, Pericardial effusion | HFNC: 47 | Mean (SD): 65.8(10.1) | 41/6 | Mean (SD): 147.7(30.7) | Mean (SD): 40.5(3.8) | Cardiothoracic surgery patients |
NIV: 43 | Mean (SD): 67.6(9.4) | 36/7 | Mean (SD): 131.5(27.7) | Mean (SD): 39.8(4.5) | ||||
Wang et al. 2018 China | NR | NR | HFNC: 28 | Mean (SD): 63.8(12.5) | 16/12 | NR | Mean (SD): 29.1(2.8) | NR |
NIV: 28 | Mean (SD): 62.4(13.3) | 17/11 | NR | Mean (SD): 30.2(3.6) | ||||
Zhao et al. 2019 China | University-affiliated hospitals | NR | HFNC: 80 | Mean (SD): 56.32(5.23) | 42/38 | Mean (SD): 137.5(34.2) | Mean (SD): 37.36(3.74) | NR |
NIV: 80 | Mean (SD): 55.86(6.35) | 44/36 | Mean (SD): 142.9(32.4) | Mean (SD): 38.09(4.05) | ||||
Zeng et al. 2019 China | NR | NR | HFNC: 62 | Mean (SD): 56.94(9.46) | 32/30 | Mean (SD): 164.4(21.5) | NR | NR |
NIV: 62 | Mean (SD): 57.23(9.73) | 35/27 | Mean (SD): 163.9(21.8) | NR |