Fluid responsiveness in acute circulatory failure

Table 1 Dynamic methods for the detection of FR

Parameter	Cut-off value (%)	Evidence	Limitations
SPV [6, 16, 20–23]	NA	Cohort	Affected by airway and pleural pressure [17]
PPV [6, 24–29]	13	Meta-analysis	Needs special monitor; needs arterial line
SVV [6, 30, 32–35]	14	Cohort	Needs either arterial line (plus special monitor) or esophageal Doppler
SOI [31]	11	Cohort	Needs esophageal Doppler
POP [36]	9.5–15	Meta-analysis	Needs special pulse oximeter
PVI [36, 37]	9.5–15	Meta-analysis	Needs Masimo device
IVC variation [38–41]	12–21	Meta-analysis	Needs ultrasound; difficult in abdominal surgical cases; cannot be used intraoperatively
SVC variation [40–42]	29–36	Cohort	Needs trans-esophageal echocardiography
IJV variation [44, 45]	18	Cohort	Needs ultrasound
Subaortic VTI [47]	NA	Animal study	Needs echocardiography; needs good operator experience; not tried in humans yet
Aortic velocity variation [48, 49]	12–18	Cohort	Needs echocardiography or esophageal Doppler
Carotid velocity variation [50, 51]	11–14	Cohort	Needs ultrasound

SPV systolic pressure variation, PPV pulse pressure variation, SVV stroke volume variation, SOI stroke output index, POP pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude, PVI Plethysmographic variability index, IVC inferior vena cava, SVC superior vena cava, IJV internal jugular vein, VTI velocity time integral, NA not available

ISSN: 2052-0492