Table 1 Patient characteristics
Characteristics | Preoperative visit (+) (n = 128) | Preoperative visit (–) (n = 125) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics at baseline | |||
Age, y, median (IQR) | 74 (69–80) | 75 (69–79) | 0.82 |
Male, n (%) | 81 (63.3) | 82 (65.6) | 0.70 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) Mean ± SD | 23.0 ± 3.8 | 23.0 ± 3.8 | 0.48 |
Left ventricular ejection Fraction < 50%, n (%) | 35 (27.3) | 33 (26.4) | 0.86 |
Chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 60), n (%) | 80 (62.5) | 80 (64.0) | 0.80 |
Chronic hemodialysis, n (%) | 10 (7.8) | 16 (12.8) | 0.19 |
FEV1.0% < 70%, n (%)b | 24 (18.8) | 23 (18.4) | 0.94 |
%VC < 80%, n (%)b | 47 (37.7) | 74 (59.2) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 45 (35.2) | 44 (35.2) | 0.99 |
History of smoking, n (%) | 62 (48.4) | 48 (38.4) | 0.11 |
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 17 (13.3) | 16 (12.8) | 0.91 |
Psychiatric disorder, n (%) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (0.8) | 1.00 |
Dementia, n (%) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.6) | 0.62 |
History of delirium, n (%) | 2 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 0.50 |
Any of cerebrovascular and mental illness, n (%) | 21 (16.4) | 18 (14.4) | 0.66 |
Chronic benzodiazepines use | 15 (11.7) | 11 (8.8) | 0.44 |
Chronic anti-psychiatric medications use | 3 (2.3) | 1 (0.8) | 0.62 |
Chronic opioid use | 1 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1.0 |
Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 13 (10.2) | 10 (8.0) | 0.55 |
EuroSCORE II | 3.2 (2.08–5.44) | 2.7 (1.71–4.81) | 0.09 |
Characteristics during surgery | |||
Main surgery | 0.97 | ||
Coronary, n (%) | 40 (31.3) | 40 (32.0) | |
Valve, n (%) | 57 (44.5) | 56 (44.8) | |
Aorta, n (%) | 28 (21.9) | 25 (20.0) | |
Others, n (%) | 3 (2.3) | 4 (3.2) | |
Concomitant surgery, n (%) | 36 (28.1) | 42 (33.6) | 0.36 |
Transcatheter surgery, n (%) | 18 (14.1) | 13 (10.4) | 0.37 |
Operation time, min, mean ± SD | 285 ± 103 | 287 ± 97 | 0.89 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass, n (%) | 78 (60.9) | 75 (60.0) | 0.88 |
Cardiopulmonary bypass time, min, median (IQR) | 179 (149–215) | 159 (136–187) | 0.026 |
Selective cerebral perfusion, n (%) | 13 (16.7) | 13 (17.3) | 0.95 |
rScO2 minimuma, %, median (IQR) | 54 (47.0–61.0) | 54 (50.0–59.0) | 0.96 |
Characteristics during ICU care | |||
Mechanical ventilator use, n (%) | 120 (93.8) | 119 (95.2) | 0.61 |
Intubation time, hour, median (IQR) | 14 (8.5–18.0) | 15 (9.0–21.0) | 0.21 |
Length of ICU stay, hour, median (IQR) | 22 (19.0–43.0) | 22 (19.0–67.0) | 0.29 |
Propofol use, n (%) | 119 (93.0) | 118 (94.4) | 0.64 |
Dexmedetomidine use, n (%) | 31 (24.2) | 47 (36.8) | 0.030 |
Benzodiazepine use, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
Antipsychotic medication use, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.00 |
Dopamine use, n (%) | 96 (75.0) | 103 (82.4) | 0.15 |
Dobutamine use, n (%) | 36 (28.1) | 30 (24.0) | 0.46 |
Noradrenaline use, n (%) | 32 (25.0) | 40 (32.0) | 0.22 |
RCC transfusion, n (%) (including during surgery) | 94 (73.4) | 90 (72.0) | 0.80 |
FFP transfusion, n (%) (including during surgery) | 70 (54.7) | 71 (56.8) | 0.74 |
PC transfusion, n (%) (including during surgery) | 55 (43.0) | 53 (42.4) | 0.93 |
Highest plasma lactate during ICU stay, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 2.8 (1.4–4.4) | 2.8 (1.6–4.0) | 0.97 |
Postoperative renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 13 (10.2) | 18 (14.4) | 0.30 |
Perioperative atrial fibrillation, n (%) (including chronic atrial fibrillation) | 22 (17.2) | 21 (16.8) | 0.93 |
APACHEII score, median (IQR) | 16 (13–18) | 16 (13–19) | 0.22 |