Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the timing of ICU admission
Characteristic | Unmatched cohort | Propensity-Score-Matched cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early admission (N = 470) | Delayed admission (N = 286) | SMD | Early admission (N = 239) | Delayed admission (N = 239) | SMD | |
Age—mean (SD) | 66.6 ± 13.2 | 66.2 ± 14.2 | 0.03 | 66.5 ± 12.8 | 65.9 ± 14.1 | 0.04 |
Sex, male—no. (%) | 306 (65.1) | 189 (66.1) | 0.02 | 163 (68.2) | 154 (64.4) | 0.08 |
Body mass index—mean (SD), kg/m2 | 22.9 ± 4.3 | 22.7 ± 4.1 | 0.05 | 23.0 ± 4.6 | 22.9 ± 4.0 | 0.02 |
Comorbidities—no. (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Cardiovascular disease | 90 (19.1) | 80 (28.0) | 0.21 | 58 (24.3) | 53 (22.2) | 0.05 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 180 (38.3) | 106 (37.1) | 0.03 | 89 (37.2) | 83 (34.7) | 0.05 |
 Chronic liver disease | 60 (12.8) | 47 (16.4) | 0.10 | 40 (16.7) | 42 (17.6) | 0.02 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 81 (17.2) | 47 (16.4) | 0.02 | 44 (18.4) | 38 (15.9) | 0.07 |
 Solid malignancy | 190 (40.4) | 98 (34.3) | 0.13 | 83 (34.7) | 84 (35.1) | 0.01 |
 Hematologic malignancy | 62 (13.2) | 53 (18.5) | 0.15 | 39 (16.3) | 43 (18.0) | 0.04 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 47 (10.0) | 45 (15.7) | 0.17 | 33 (13.8) | 32 (13.4) | 0.01 |
Clinical frailty scale—median (IQR)a | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–7) | 0.11 | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–7) | 0.06 |
SOFA score—median (IQR)b | 7 (5–10) | 6 (4–9) | 0.27 | 6 (4–10) | 7 (4–9) | 0.01 |
Septic shock—no. (%)c | 188 (40.0) | 93 (32.5) | 0.16 | 85 (35.6) | 90 (37.7) | 0.04 |
Lactate—median (IQR), mmol/Ld | 3.2 (1.8–6.0) | 2.6 (1.7–4.3) | 0.34 | 2.5 (1.4–4.6) | 2.7 (1.7–4.4) | 0.01 |