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Table 1 Clinical characteristics before and after propensity score matching

From: Mortality analysis among sepsis patients in and out of intensive care units using the Japanese nationwide medical claims database: a study by the Japan Sepsis Alliance study group

 

Before matching

After matching

Non-ICU

(n = 974,289)

ICU

(n = 193,612)

SMD

Non-ICU

(n = 165,344)

ICU

(n = 165,344)

SMD

Age, year

78 (68–85)

73 (63–81)

0.31

74 (63–82)

74 (64–81)

0.009

Male, n (%)

557,742 (57.2)

121,713 (62.9)

0.11

102,969 (62.3)

102,560 (62.0)

0.005

Chronic diseases

      

 Malignant tumor, n (%)

313,354 (32.2)

51,103 (26.4)

0.12

47,119 (28.5)

46,447 (28.1)

0.009

 Hypertension, n (%)

242,149 (24.9)

48,790 (25.2)

0.01

42,079 (25.4)

42,154 (25.5)

0.001

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

205,238 (21.1)

44,445 (23.0)

0.05

38,128 (23.1)

38,024 (23.0)

0.002

 Heart failure, n (%)

171,188 (17.6)

46,266 (23.9)

0.16

38,060 (23.0)

37,754 (22.8)

0.004

 Stroke, n (%)

132,835 (13.6)

30,127 (15.6)

0.05

26,254 (15.9)

25,797 (15.6)

0.008

 Ischemic heart disease, n (%)

81,159 (8.3)

28,843 (14.9)

0.21

22,825 (13.8)

22,812 (13.8)

0.0002

 Chronic respiratory disease, n (%)

98,167 (10.1)

13,027 (6.7)

0.12

11,829 (7.2)

11,812 (7.1)

0.0004

 Chronic renal failure, n (%)

34,043 (3.5)

9932 (5.1)

0.08

8113 (4.9)

8079 (4.9)

0.001

Barthel Indexa, n (%)

      

 0–60

304,088 (31.2)

47,251 (24.4)

0.15

41,792 (25.3)

41,958 (25.4)

0.002

 61–99

104,276 (10.7)

11,909 (6.2)

0.16

10,742 (6.5)

11,003 (6.7)

0.006

 100

243,304 (25.0)

47,413 (24.5)

0.01

41,651 (25.2)

41,752 (25.3)

0.001

Community-acquired sepsis, n (%)

607,104 (62.3)

82,232 (42.5)

0.41

73,049 (44.2)

74,269 (44.9)

0.01

Infection site

      

 Abdominal, n (%)

130,230 (13.4)

32,261 (16.7)

0.09

27,768 (16.8)

27,459 (16.6)

0.005

 Blood, n (%)

811 (0.1)

97 (0.1)

0.01

94 (0.1)

93 (0.1)

0.0003

 Bone and soft tissue, n (%)

35,776 (3.7)

6,343 (3.3)

0.02

5699 (3.4)

5591 (3.4)

0.004

 Heart, n (%)

4053 (0.4)

4203 (2.2)

0.16

2474 (1.5)

2562 (1.5)

0.004

 Meninges/brain/spinal cord, n (%)

9963 (1.0)

4223 (2.2)

0.09

3696 (2.2)

3404 (2.1)

0.01

 Respiratory, n (%)

355,171 (36.5)

52,847 (27.3)

0.20

45,676 (27.6)

46,551 (28.2)

0.003

 Urogenital, n (%)

68,981 (7.1)

8752 (4.5)

0.11

8195 (5.0)

8195 (5.0)

0.01

 Multiple, n (%)

274,869 (28.2)

58,962 (30.5)

0.05

50,516 (30.6)

50,193 (30.4)

0.004

 Unknown, n (%)

94,435 (9.7)

25,924 (13.4)

0.11

21,226 (12.8)

21,296 (12.9)

0.001

Vasopressor therapy, n (%)

94,823 (9.7)

54,529 (28.2)

0.48

33,357 (20.2)

40,457 (24.5)

0.10

Vasopressor therapy at the time of sepsis onset, n (%)

218,928 (6.6)

50,686 (21.0)

0.42

27,278 (16.5)

28,132 (17.0)

0.01

Oxygen therapy, n (%)

804,712 (82.6)

169,436 (87.5)

0.14

127,632 (77.2)

147,090 (89.0)

0.31

Oxygen therapy at the time of sepsis onset, n (%)

543,503 (55.8)

77,219 (39.9)

0.32

69,738(42.2)

69,972 (42.3)

0.003

Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

103,265 (10.6)

114,689 (59.2)

1.19

53,504 (32.4)

87,179 (52.4)

0.42

Mechanical ventilation at the time of sepsis onset, n (%)

56,919 (5.8)

69,375 (35.8)

0.79

41,940 (25.4)

43,647 (26.4)

0.02

Kidney dysfunction, n (%)

383,863 (39.4)

121,605 (62.8)

0.48

97,530 (59.0)

97,209 (58.8)

0.004

RRT, n (%)

37,653 (3.9)

44,553 (23.0)

0.58

17,403 (10.5)

33,026 (20.0)

0.27

Thrombocytopenia/coagulopathy, n (%)

105,106 (10.8)

39,705 (20.5)

0.27

30,141 (18.2)

30,171 (18.2)

0.0005

Hepatic disorder, n (%)

39,380 (4.0)

5882 (3.0)

0.05

4918 (3.0)

5071 (3.1)

0.005

Acidosis, n (%)

6933 (0.7)

2794 (1.4)

0.07

2039 (1.2)

2057 (1.2)

0.001

Total number of hospital beds, n (%)

      

 ≤ 272 beds

274,870 (28.2)

24,159 (12.5)

0.40

23,587 (14.3)

23,232 (14.1)

0.006

 273–404 beds

251,498 (25.8)

42,156 (21.8)

0.10

37,657 (22.8)

37,898 (22.9)

0.003

 405–587 beds

234,881 (24.1)

54,139 (28.0)

0.09

45,584 (27.6)

46,051 (27.9)

0.006

 ≥ 588 beds

213,040 (21.9)

73,158 (37.8)

0.35

58,516 (35.4)

58,163 (35.2)

0.005

  1. Data are presented as mean (SD) or median (quartile)
  2. ICU: intensive care unit; SD: standard deviation; SMD: standardized mean difference; RRT: renal replacement therapy
  3. aNumber of patients missing Barthel index: non-ICU 322,621 and ICU 87,039 (before matching), non-ICU 71,159 and ICU 70,631 (after matching)