Before matching | After matching | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-ICU (n = 974,289) | ICU (n = 193,612) | SMD | Non-ICU (n = 165,344) | ICU (n = 165,344) | SMD | |
Age, year | 78 (68–85) | 73 (63–81) | 0.31 | 74 (63–82) | 74 (64–81) | 0.009 |
Male, n (%) | 557,742 (57.2) | 121,713 (62.9) | 0.11 | 102,969 (62.3) | 102,560 (62.0) | 0.005 |
Chronic diseases | ||||||
Malignant tumor, n (%) | 313,354 (32.2) | 51,103 (26.4) | 0.12 | 47,119 (28.5) | 46,447 (28.1) | 0.009 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 242,149 (24.9) | 48,790 (25.2) | 0.01 | 42,079 (25.4) | 42,154 (25.5) | 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 205,238 (21.1) | 44,445 (23.0) | 0.05 | 38,128 (23.1) | 38,024 (23.0) | 0.002 |
Heart failure, n (%) | 171,188 (17.6) | 46,266 (23.9) | 0.16 | 38,060 (23.0) | 37,754 (22.8) | 0.004 |
Stroke, n (%) | 132,835 (13.6) | 30,127 (15.6) | 0.05 | 26,254 (15.9) | 25,797 (15.6) | 0.008 |
Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 81,159 (8.3) | 28,843 (14.9) | 0.21 | 22,825 (13.8) | 22,812 (13.8) | 0.0002 |
Chronic respiratory disease, n (%) | 98,167 (10.1) | 13,027 (6.7) | 0.12 | 11,829 (7.2) | 11,812 (7.1) | 0.0004 |
Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 34,043 (3.5) | 9932 (5.1) | 0.08 | 8113 (4.9) | 8079 (4.9) | 0.001 |
Barthel Indexa, n (%) | ||||||
0–60 | 304,088 (31.2) | 47,251 (24.4) | 0.15 | 41,792 (25.3) | 41,958 (25.4) | 0.002 |
61–99 | 104,276 (10.7) | 11,909 (6.2) | 0.16 | 10,742 (6.5) | 11,003 (6.7) | 0.006 |
100 | 243,304 (25.0) | 47,413 (24.5) | 0.01 | 41,651 (25.2) | 41,752 (25.3) | 0.001 |
Community-acquired sepsis, n (%) | 607,104 (62.3) | 82,232 (42.5) | 0.41 | 73,049 (44.2) | 74,269 (44.9) | 0.01 |
Infection site | ||||||
Abdominal, n (%) | 130,230 (13.4) | 32,261 (16.7) | 0.09 | 27,768 (16.8) | 27,459 (16.6) | 0.005 |
Blood, n (%) | 811 (0.1) | 97 (0.1) | 0.01 | 94 (0.1) | 93 (0.1) | 0.0003 |
Bone and soft tissue, n (%) | 35,776 (3.7) | 6,343 (3.3) | 0.02 | 5699 (3.4) | 5591 (3.4) | 0.004 |
Heart, n (%) | 4053 (0.4) | 4203 (2.2) | 0.16 | 2474 (1.5) | 2562 (1.5) | 0.004 |
Meninges/brain/spinal cord, n (%) | 9963 (1.0) | 4223 (2.2) | 0.09 | 3696 (2.2) | 3404 (2.1) | 0.01 |
Respiratory, n (%) | 355,171 (36.5) | 52,847 (27.3) | 0.20 | 45,676 (27.6) | 46,551 (28.2) | 0.003 |
Urogenital, n (%) | 68,981 (7.1) | 8752 (4.5) | 0.11 | 8195 (5.0) | 8195 (5.0) | 0.01 |
Multiple, n (%) | 274,869 (28.2) | 58,962 (30.5) | 0.05 | 50,516 (30.6) | 50,193 (30.4) | 0.004 |
Unknown, n (%) | 94,435 (9.7) | 25,924 (13.4) | 0.11 | 21,226 (12.8) | 21,296 (12.9) | 0.001 |
Vasopressor therapy, n (%) | 94,823 (9.7) | 54,529 (28.2) | 0.48 | 33,357 (20.2) | 40,457 (24.5) | 0.10 |
Vasopressor therapy at the time of sepsis onset, n (%) | 218,928 (6.6) | 50,686 (21.0) | 0.42 | 27,278 (16.5) | 28,132 (17.0) | 0.01 |
Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 804,712 (82.6) | 169,436 (87.5) | 0.14 | 127,632 (77.2) | 147,090 (89.0) | 0.31 |
Oxygen therapy at the time of sepsis onset, n (%) | 543,503 (55.8) | 77,219 (39.9) | 0.32 | 69,738(42.2) | 69,972 (42.3) | 0.003 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 103,265 (10.6) | 114,689 (59.2) | 1.19 | 53,504 (32.4) | 87,179 (52.4) | 0.42 |
Mechanical ventilation at the time of sepsis onset, n (%) | 56,919 (5.8) | 69,375 (35.8) | 0.79 | 41,940 (25.4) | 43,647 (26.4) | 0.02 |
Kidney dysfunction, n (%) | 383,863 (39.4) | 121,605 (62.8) | 0.48 | 97,530 (59.0) | 97,209 (58.8) | 0.004 |
RRT, n (%) | 37,653 (3.9) | 44,553 (23.0) | 0.58 | 17,403 (10.5) | 33,026 (20.0) | 0.27 |
Thrombocytopenia/coagulopathy, n (%) | 105,106 (10.8) | 39,705 (20.5) | 0.27 | 30,141 (18.2) | 30,171 (18.2) | 0.0005 |
Hepatic disorder, n (%) | 39,380 (4.0) | 5882 (3.0) | 0.05 | 4918 (3.0) | 5071 (3.1) | 0.005 |
Acidosis, n (%) | 6933 (0.7) | 2794 (1.4) | 0.07 | 2039 (1.2) | 2057 (1.2) | 0.001 |
Total number of hospital beds, n (%) | ||||||
≤ 272 beds | 274,870 (28.2) | 24,159 (12.5) | 0.40 | 23,587 (14.3) | 23,232 (14.1) | 0.006 |
273–404 beds | 251,498 (25.8) | 42,156 (21.8) | 0.10 | 37,657 (22.8) | 37,898 (22.9) | 0.003 |
405–587 beds | 234,881 (24.1) | 54,139 (28.0) | 0.09 | 45,584 (27.6) | 46,051 (27.9) | 0.006 |
≥ 588 beds | 213,040 (21.9) | 73,158 (37.8) | 0.35 | 58,516 (35.4) | 58,163 (35.2) | 0.005 |