Table 1 Baseline demographic data
Clinical characteristics | Discovery phase (Nanostring) | Validation phase (RT-qPCR) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recovery (N = 5) | Non-recovery (N = 5) | p value | Recovery (N = 64) | Non-recovery (N = 46) | p value | |
Demographic data | ||||||
 Age; years (mean ± SD) | 72.4 ± 9.96 | 80.2 ± 8.87 | 0.22 | 58 ± 17 | 65 ± 15.68 | 0.02* |
 Sex; male (N, %) | 1 (20) | 2 (40) | 1 | 44 (68.75) | 26 (56.52) | 0.19 |
 Body weight; kg (mean ± SD) | 52.1 ± 8.68 | 55.7 ± 9.05 | 0.29 | 61 ± 12.58 | 59 ± 14.98 | 0.39 |
 Height; cm (mean ± SD) | 157.8 ± 7.33 | 161.2 ± 6.30 | 0.45 | 163 ± 7.73 | 163 ± 7.19 | 0.65 |
 BMI; kg/m2 (mean ± SD) | 26.79 ± 6.51 | 20.90 ± 7.23 | 0.21 | 23.01 ± 4.45 | 22.27 ± 5.30 | 0.45 |
 Herb/Nephrotoxic drug (N, %) | 1 (20) | 0 | 1 | 4 (6.25) | 5 (10.87) | 0.38 |
Comorbid diseases | ||||||
 Diabetes mellitus (N, %) | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 1 | 17 (26.56) | 21 (45.65) | 0.04* |
 Hypertension (N, %) | 3 (60) | 4 (80) | 1 | 25 (39.06) | 29 (63.04) | 0.01* |
 Dyslipidemia (N, %) | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | 1 | 17 (26.56) | 20 (43.48) | 0.06 |
 Ischemic heart disease (N, %) | 2 (40) | 2 (40) | 1 | 5 (7.81) | 9 (19.57) | 0.07 |
 Malignancy (N, %) | 1 (20) | 2 (40) | 1 | 5 (7.81) | 7 (15.22) | 0.22 |
 Cerebrovascular disease (N, %) | 0 | 1 (20) | 1 | 6 (9.37) | 4 (8.70) | 0.9 |
 Smoking (N, %) | 0 | 0 |  | 2 (3.13) | 1 (2.17) | 0.76 |
Main cause of AKI | ||||||
 Pre-renal/Ischemic ATN, (N, %) | 0 | 0 |  | 17 (26.56) | 15 (32.61) | 0.49 |
 Nephrotoxic AKI, (N, %) | 0 | 0 | 5 (7.81) | 2 (4.35) | 0.46 | |
 Contrast induce AKI, (N, %) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.35) |  | |
 Septic AKI, (N, %) | 5 (100) | 5 (100) | 41 (64.06) | 25 (54.35) | 0.3 | |
 Cast nephropathy, (N, %) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.17) |  | |
 Multifactorial, (N, %) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.56) | 1 (2.17) | 0.81 | |
Physical examination | ||||||
 Temperature; °C (mean ± SD) | 36.94 ± 0.47 | 37.44 ± 0.94 | 0.32 | 37.11 ± 0.86 | 37.30 ± 0.73 | 0.26 |
 SBP; mmHg (mean ± SD) | 123.6 ± 10.78 | 122.4 ± 19.22 | 0.91 | 130 ± 20.37 | 117 ± 19.08 | < 0.01* |
 MAP; mmHg (mean ± SD) | 83.8 ± 9.63 | 86 ± 9.35 | 0.72 | 94 ± 13.74 | 85 ± 13.63 | < 0.01* |
Laboratory finding | ||||||
 Hb; g/dL (mean ± SD) | 9.42 ± 0.62 | 9.12 ± 1.76 | 0.73 | 9.71 ± 1.88 | 9.06 ± 1.42 | 0.05 |
 Hct; % (mean ± SD) | 28.12 ± 3.03 | 27.88 ± 6.54 | 0.94 | 29.49 ± 5.65 | 26.92 ± 4.76 | 0.02* |
 WBC; cells × 103 μL (median, IQR) | 12.46 (7.01–16.51) | 10.02 (8.44–15.49) | 0.75 | 11.65 (8.59–16.28) | 12.98 (7.87–17.2) | 0.64 |
 Plt; cells × 103 μL (median, IQR) | 61 (22–310.5) | 247 (123.5–274.5) | 0.25 | 138.5 (66.50–233) | 158.15 (79.75–249) | 0.17 |
 BUN; mg/dL (median, IQR) | 36 (35–47.5) | 52 (43.5–99.5) | 0.11 | 56 (42–86) | 52 (39–74) | 0.27 |
 Baseline Cr; mg/dL (median, IQR) | 0.72 (0.70–1.04) | 1 (0.80–1.06) | 0.12 | 0.99 (0.80–1.10) | 0.93 (0.70–1.20) | 0.96 |
 Baseline GFR; mL/min (mean ± SD) | 74.85 ± 15.27 | 64.58 ± 13.03 | 0.29 | 82.20 ± 19.01 | 76.84 ± 27.03 | 0.22 |
 Admission Cr; mg/dL (median, IQR) | 1.4 (0.99–4.65) | 1.6 (1.26–4.05) | 0.75 | 3.85 (2.52–4.87) | 2.94 (2.29–4.13) | 0.57 |
 K; mEq/L (mean ± SD) | 3.46 ± 0.34 | 4 ± 0.70 | 0.16 | 3.92 ± 0.85 | 3.98 ± 0.72 | 0.74 |