Table 1 Clinical characteristics according to pre-operative diaphragm dysfunction
Preoperative DD (+) (n = 33) | Preoperative DD (−) (n = 69) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 56.0 ± 12.2 | 57.8 ± 8.9 | 0.410 |
Male, N (%) | 17 (51.5) | 46 (66.7) | 0.141 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.4 ± 5.0 | 21.1 ± 3.9 | 0.731 |
APACHE II | 18.6 ± 7.5 | 16.1 ± 8.3 | 0.156 |
Diagnosis, N (%) | |||
IPF | 26 (78.8) | 52 (75.4) | 0.503 |
COPD | 3 (9.1) | 4 (5.8) | |
Bronchiectasis | 0 | 3 (4.3) | |
BO | 4 (12.1) | 7 (10.1) | |
Others | 0 | 3 (4.3) | |
Pre-transplantation, N (%) | |||
MV | 25 (75.8) | 41 (59.4) | 0.106 |
ECMO | 17 (51.5) | 36 (52.2) | 0.950 |
Pre-operative MV duration†, days | 11 (1–26) | 1 (0–9.5) | 0.004 |
Right heart dysfunction before transplantation, N (%) | 11 (33.3) | 7 (10.1) | 0.004 |
Diaphragm excursion†, cm | |||
Tidal breathing, right | 0.8 (0.3–1.3) | 2 (1.5–2.5) | < 0.001 |
Tidal breathing, left | 0.5 (0–1.0) | 2 (1.8–3.2) | < 0.001 |
Forced breathing, right | 1.2 (0.5–2.5) | 3.3 (2.2–4.7) | < 0.001 |
Forced breathing, left | 1.5 (0.5–2.7) | 3.5 (2.6–4.8) | < 0.001 |
Thickening fraction†, (%) | |||
Thickening fraction, right | 24 (0–93) | 100 (41.5–130.5) | 0.001 |
Thickening fraction, left | 26 (12.5–102) | 96.5 (50–134) | 0.006 |
Donor factor, N (%) | |||
Size mismatch | 20 (60.6) | 35 (50.7) | 0.349 |
Sex mismatch | 12 (36.4) | 23 (33.3) | 0.763 |
Wedge resection | 10 (30.3) | 8 (11.6) | 0.020 |
Lobar transplantation | 3 (9.1) | 1 (1.4) | 0.063 |