Fig. 2

Generalized additive model evaluating the association between plasma-to-red blood cell ratios and outcomes. Association of plasma-to-red blood cell ratios and study outcomes in the entire cohort (A–C) and in the non-geriatric group (D–F) and geriatric group (G–I). Mortality and adverse events were analyzed using the non-linear logistic generalized additive model adjusted for sex, injury mechanisms, Revised Trauma Score, Injury Severity Score, and Abbreviated Injury Scale Score in each body region (head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper extremities, and pelvis/lower extremities), total prehospital time, trauma center level, and hospital type (university, community, and non-teaching). Adverse events included cardiac, respiratory, and renal failure, as well as thrombotic events and sepsis. The shaded region represents the 95% confidence intervals for the estimated points