Table 4 Factors associated with non-cardiovascular death among septic patients in univariate and multivariate analyses

Plasma TMAO

 High (≥ 2.5 μmol/L)

Ref

Ref

 Median (0.4–2.5 μmol/L)

1.80 (0.83–3.91)

0.137

 Low (< 0.4 μmol/L)

2.51 (1.21–5.24)

0.014

Age

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.753

Male gender

1.61 (0.90–2.88)

0.112

Smoker

1.11 (0.57–2.16)

0.765

APACHE II scores

1.11 (1.05–1.16)

 < 0.001

SOFA scores

1.22 (1.12–1.32)

 < 0.001

Mean arterial pressure

0.99 (0.97–1.01)

0.374

Septic shock

1.74 (0.99–3.06)

0.053

Respiratory tract infection

0.50 (0.26–0.94)

0.031

Urinary tract infection

0.50 (0.12–2.05)

0.333

Intra-abdominal infection

1.59 (0.83–3.04)

0.164

Bloodstream infection

0.91 (0.53–1.57)

0.731

Antibiotic pre-treatment, numbers

1.07 (0.95–1.20)

0.271

Antibiotic pre-treatment, days

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.342

Hypertension

0.67 (0.38–1.20)

0.180

Diabetic mellitus

1.06 (0.56–1.98)

0.868

Heart failure

0.69 (0.21–2.22)

0.532

COPD

1.19 (0.43–3.32)

0.738

Cirrhosis

1.23 (0.38–3.95)

0.731

Prior CAD

1.00 (0.36–2.80)

0.998

Prior stroke or PAD

0.33 (0.08–1.38)

0.129

Malignancy

1.82 (1.04–3.20)

0.037

Autoimmune disease

0.39 (0.12–1.25)

0.114

White blood cells (K)

0.99 (0.96–1.03)

0.743

Hemoglobin

0.97 (0.84–1.12)

0.667

eGFR at ICU admission

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.457

Total bilirubin

1.06 (1.01–1.11)

0.014

Glucose

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.945

Lactate

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

0.003

C-reactive protein

0.98 (0.95–1.01)

0.231

Enteral intake of calories

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.064

Enteral intake of protein

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.087

Total calories (% of target)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.088

Total protein (% of target)

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.099

Body mass index

0.97 (0.92–1.03)

0.359

Albumin

0.78 (0.47–1.31)

0.354

Prealbumin

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

0.002

Nutrition risk index

0.98 (0.96–1.01)

0.156

NRS 2002 scores

1.26 (0.99–1.60)

0.057