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Table 1 Characteristics of the study cohort according to outcomes

From: Cerebral autoregulation in anoxic brain injury patients treated with targeted temperature management

 

All (n = 50)

Survivors (n = 19)

Non-Survivors (n = 31)

p value

FO (n = 14)

UO (n = 36)

p value

Male gender, n (%)

39 (78)

15 (79)

24 (77)

1.00

11 (79)

28 (79)

1.00

Age, years

65 [55–73]

60 [51–71]

67 [55–74]

0.33

58 [51–73]

66 [57–73]

0.40

APACHE II

26 [24–31]

26 [21–28]

27 [24–33]

0.07

26 [21–28]

27 [24–32]

0.17

ICU LOS, days

9 [4–19]

22 [11–37]

4 [3–10]

< 0.01

18 [9–31]

6 [3–13]

< 0.01

Comorbidities

 Arterial hypertension, n (%)

23 (46)

7 (37)

16 (52)

0.39

5 (36)

18 (50)

0.53

 Vascular disease, n (%)

10 (20)

3 (16)

7 (23)

0.72

3 (21)

7 (19)

1.00

 Chronic heart failure, n (%)

3 (6)

0 (0)

3 (10)

0.28

0 (0)

3 (8)

0.55

 Chronic kidney disease, n (%)

8 (16)

2 (11)

6 (19)

0.69

1 (7)

7 (19)

0.41

 COPD, n (%)

6 (12)

2 (11)

4 (13)

1.00

0 (0)

6 (17)

0.17

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

10 (20)

3 (30)

7 (70)

0.72

1 (7)

9 (25)

0.25

 Previous Seizure, n (%)

3 (6)

0 (0)

3 (10)

0.28

0 (0)

3 (8)

0.55

 Minor stroke, n (%)

7 (14)

2 (11)

5 (16)

0.70

1 (7)

6 (17)

0.66

Cardiac arrest characteristics

 Cause of CA, n (%)

  Cardiac

23 (48)

13 (68)

10 (32)

0.02

10 (71)

13 (36)

0.03

  Anoxic

15 (32)

2 (11)

13 (42)

0.03

1 (7)

14 (39)

0.04

  Obstructive

2 (6)

1 (5)

1 (3)

1.00

1 (7)

1 (3)

0.49

  Indeterminate

9 (18)

4 (22)

7 (10)

0.30

2 (14)

8 (26)

0.30

 Shockable rhythm, n (%)

24 (48)

14 (58)

10 (42)

 < 0.01

10 (71)

14 (39)

0.06

 Time to ROSC, min

20 [10–35]

16 [10–35]

23 [16–35]

0.09

13 [10–33]

22 [16–36]

0.03

Clinical variables and autoregulation assessment

 NSE (ng/mL)

39 [24–78] (n = 32)

29 [20–40] (n = 14)

74 [34–108] (n = 18)

 < 0.01

25 [20–37] (n = 10)

56 [32–86] (n = 22)

0.01

 Highly malignant EEG

18 (36)

0 (0)

18 (58)

 < 0.01

0 (0)

18 (50)

 < 0.01

 Mxa during HT

0.33 [0.11–0.58]

0.37 [0.03–0.51]

0.31 [0.18–0.65]

0.25

0.21 [0.00–0.46]

0.38 [0.18–0.65]

0.08

 Mxa during NT

0.58 [0.30–0.83]

0.31 [0.00–0.62]

0.67 [0.46–0.84]

< 0.01

0.31 [− 0.01–0.69]

0.63 [0.43–0.83]

0.03

 Altered CAR at HT, n (%)

27 (54)

11 (42)

17 (52)

0.77

7 (50)

20 (56)

0.76

 Altered CAR at NT, n (%)

38 (76)

10 (53)

28 (90)

< 0.01

7 (50)

31 (86)

0.02

  1. APACHE II acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, CA cardiac arrest, CAR cerebral autoregulation, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FO favorable outcome, HT hypothermia, LOS length of stay, Mxa mean flow index, NS non survivors, NT normothermia, ROSC return of spontaneous circulation; S survivors, UO unfavorable outcome