|
Basic characteristics
|
|
Age, years
|
60.9 ± 15.9
|
66.4 ± 15.3
|
58.3 ± 15.5
|
< 0.01
|
|
Sex (male)
|
4334 (64.2%)
|
1519 (69.2%)
|
2815 (61.8%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Body mass index
|
24.6 ± 4.5
|
23.8 ± 4.5
|
25.1 ± 4.5
|
< 0.01
|
|
Charlson comorbidity index
|
1.6 ± 1.4
|
2.3 ± 1.4
|
1.3 ± 1.2
|
< 0.01
|
|
Follow-up duration, years
|
1.8 ± 1.4
|
0.7 ± 0.9
|
2.3 ± 1.3
|
< 0.01
|
|
Comorbidities
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
1580 (23.4%)
|
603 (27.5%)
|
977 (21.5%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Congestive heart failure
|
513 (7.6%)
|
202 (9.2%)
|
311(6.8%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Chronic pulmonary disease
|
182 (2.7%)
|
96 (4.4%)
|
86 (1.9%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Moderate or severe liver disease
|
184 (2.7%)
|
98 (4.46%)
|
86 (1.9%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
End-stage renal disease
|
63 (1.0%)
|
32 (1.5%)
|
31 (0.7%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Malignancy
|
1274 (18.9%)
|
718 (32.7%)
|
556 (12.2%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Presence of metastatic tumour
|
237 (3.5%)
|
181 (8.2%)
|
56 (1.2%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Divisions
|
< 0.01
|
|
Neurosurgery
|
3328 (49.3%)
|
839 (38.2%)
|
2489 (54.7%)
| |
|
Cardiovascular surgery
|
1376 (20.4%)
|
262 (11.9%)
|
1114 (24.5%)
| |
|
Major abdomen surgery
|
840 (12.4%)
|
465 (21.2%)
|
375 (8.2%)
| |
|
Chest surgery
|
472 (7.0%)
|
235 (10.7%)
|
237 (5.2%)
| |
|
Urological surgery
|
165 (2.4%)
|
107 (4.9%)
|
58 (1.3%)
| |
|
Otorhinolaryngology
|
200 (3.0%)
|
130 (5.9%)
|
70 (1.5%)
| |
|
Plastic surgery
|
95 (1.4%)
|
45 (2.1%)
|
50 (1.1%)
| |
|
Other divisions
|
272 (4.0%)
|
113 (5.2%)
|
159 (3.5%)
| |
|
Severity and managements
|
|
APACHE II score
|
20.4 ± 6.4
|
23.2 ± 6.6
|
19.0 ± 5.9
|
< 0.01
|
|
Presence of shock
|
1975 (29.3%)
|
892 (40.6%)
|
1083 (23.8%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Receiving surgery during admission
|
4818 (71.4%)
|
1364 (62.1%)
|
3454 (75.9%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Emergent surgery
|
994 (14.7%)
|
332 (15.1%)
|
662 (14.5%)
|
0.53
|
|
Receiving mechanical ventilation
|
2256 (33.4%)
|
1074 (48.9%)
|
1182 (26.0%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Renal replacement therapy
|
340 (5.0%)
|
253 (11.5%)
|
87 (1.9%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Fluid balance, days 1–3, mL
|
1142.0 ± 2672.7
|
1601.4 ± 3312.8
|
920.3 ± 2268.5
|
< 0.01
|
|
Microbiologic data
|
|
Presence of positive cultures
|
2122 (31.4%)
|
1110 (50.6%)
|
1012 (22.2%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Culture sites
|
|
Blood
|
417 (6.2%)
|
283 (12.9%)
|
134 (2.9%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Respiratory tract
|
1702 (25.2%)
|
900 (41.0%)
|
802 (17.6%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Urinary tract
|
554 (8.2%)
|
341 (15.5%)
|
213 (4.7%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Skin and soft tissue site
|
194 (2.9%)
|
123 (5.6%)
|
71 (1.6%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Abdomen
|
139 (2.1%)
|
95 (4.3%)
|
44 (1.0%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Other sites
|
349 (5.2%)
|
210 (9.6%)
|
139 (3.1%)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Outcomes
|
|
ICU-stay, days
|
8.7 ± 11.4
|
12.2 ± 15.4
|
7.1 ± 8.4
|
< 0.01
|
|
Hospital-stay, days
|
22.4 ± 24.3
|
29.5 ± 33.2
|
19.0 ± 17.6
|
< 0.01
|
|
Ventilator-day
|
7.9 ± 12.2
|
12.3 ± 15.4
|
5.5 ± 9.1
|
< 0.01
|
|
Mortality at distinct timepoints
|
< 0.01
|
|
In-hospital mortality
|
705 (10.4%)
|
705 (10.4%)
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
90-day mortality
|
1088 (16.1%)
|
1088 (16.1%)
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
1-year mortality
|
1648 (24.4%)
|
1648 (24.4%)
|
NA
|
NA
|
