Table 1 Baseline characteristic of septic patients grouped by the status of premorbid beta-blocker usage
Variables | Nonusers n= 1053 | Nonselective BB n= 72 | β1-selective BB n= 137 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y/o | 68.89±17.30§ | 66.71±16.73§ | 73.70±12.88†‡ | 0.003 |
Male (n, %) | 700(66.5%) | 45(62.5%) | 94(68.6%) | 0.673 |
APACHEII Score | 26.53±8.46 | 26.86±7.72 | 26.45±7.33 | 0.939 |
Underlying disease (n, %) | ||||
Hypertension | 474(45.0%)‡§ | 43(59.7%)†§ | 101(73.7%)†‡ | <0.001 |
DM | 345(32.8%)‡§ | 35(48.6%)† | 63(46.0%)† | <0.001 |
ESRD | 86(8.2%)‡§ | 17(23.6%)† | 19(13.9%)† | <0.001 |
Cirrhosis | 85(8.1%)‡ | 12(16.7%)†§ | 7(5.1%)‡ | 0.014 |
Heart failure | 98(9.3%)‡§ | 13(18.1%)† | 26(19.0%)† | <0.001 |
Arrhythmia | 100(9.5%)§ | 11(15.3%) | 21(15.3%)† | 0.043 |
CAD | 112(10.6%)§ | 13(18.1%)§ | 53(38.7%)†‡ | <0.001 |
COPD | 74(7.0%) | 4(5.6%) | 9(6.6%) | 0.881 |
Cancer, solid tumor | 308(29.2%) | 16(22.2%) | 35(25.5%) | 0.321 |
Cancer, hematologic | 89(8.5%)§ | 3(4.2%) | 4(2.9%)† | 0.038 |
Autoimmune disease | 58(5.5%) | 8(11.1%) | 10(7.3%) | 0.124 |
Infectious source (n, %) | ||||
Pneumonia | 628(59.6%) | 46(63.9%) | 91(66.4%) | 0.262 |
UTI | 141(13.4%) | 11(15.3%) | 23(16.8%) | 0.522 |
Blood stream infection | 163(15.5%) | 11(15.3%) | 15(10.9%) | 0.375 |
IAI | 285(27.1%) | 18(25.0%) | 28(20.4%) | 0.245 |
Soft tissue infection | 88(8.4%) | 6(8.3%) | 10(7.3%) | 0.914 |
Vital signs & lab data | ||||
HR, beats/min | 116.40±23.16§ | 114.89±25.91 | 109.52±22.74† | 0.005 |
Mean BP, mmHg | 61.31±13.58‡ | 67.72±19.22†§ | 62.64±11.99‡ | 0.001 |
GCS score | 8.89±4.17 | 9.60±4.07 | 9.23±3.78 | 0.276 |
WBC count, 103/μL | 12.8±14.0 | 11.6±10.4 | 11.6±6.6 | 0.507 |
Hemoglobin level, g/dL | 9.40±2.10 | 8.95±1.95 | 9.55±2.05 | 0.153 |
Platelet count, 103/μL | 158.3±114.4 | 132.2±88.9 | 166.5±78.6 | 0.111 |
Na, mmol/L | 139.7±7.89 | 138.6±6.33 | 139.2±6.33 | 0.387 |
K, mmol/L | 3.95±0.92 | 4.09±0.91 | 4.03±0.81 | 0.365 |
C-reactive protein | 13.15±10.67 | 14.27±11.52 | 12.90±9.20 | 0.657 |
Albumin, mg/dl | 2.83±0.79 | 2.92±0.45 | 2.94±0.55 | 0.209 |
pH | 7.43±0.09 | 7.44±0.08 | 7.42±0.08 | 0.553 |
pCO2, mmHg | 33.67±12.14 | 34.14±10.18 | 32.32±9.87 | 0.416 |
HCO3, mmol/L | 21.22±5.30 | 21.76±4.30 | 20.60±4.55 | 0.272 |
PF ratio | 270.7±149.1 | 243.1±134.9 | 271.9±136.2 | 0.399 |