Cardiac biomarkers in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Grade table

Cardiac biomarker	No. of participants	No. of cohorts	Univariate			Multivariate			Phase	Limitations	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Moderate/large effect size	Dose effect	Overall quality
Cardiac biomarker	No. of participants	No. of cohorts	+	0	−	+	0	−	Phase	Limitations	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Publication bias	Moderate/large effect size	Dose effect	Overall quality
NT-proBNP	954	11	10	1	0	4	0	0	1	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	+++
BNP	824	6	3	3	0	0	0	0	1	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	+++
HS-Trop-I	1057	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	++
Trop-I	143	4	2	2	0	0	0	0	1	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	++
Trop-T	445	3	3	0	0	1	1	0	1	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	+

Phase, phase of investigation: Phase 1, outcome prediction research or explanatory research aimed to identify associations between potential prognostic factors and the outcome; phase 2, explanatory research aimed to confirm independent associations between potential prognostic factor and the outcome; phase 3, explanatory research aimed to understand prognostic pathways. For uni- and multivariate analyses: +, number of significant effects with a positive value; 0, number of non-significant effects; −, number of significant effects with a negative value. For GRADE factors: For overall quality of evidence: +, very low; ++, low; +++, moderate; ++++, high

ISSN: 2052-0492