Characteristicsa | Total population (n = 332) | Trajectory of heart rate | P value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group 1: low-stable (n = 174) | Group 2: moderate-stable (n = 126) | Group 3: persistent-high (n = 32) | |||
Demographics | |||||
 Age, years | 64.3 ± 13.7 | 64.1 ± 13.7 | 63.0 ± 13.6 | 69.9 ± 13.0 | 0.04 |
 Male | 224 (67.5) | 119 (68.4) | 83 (65.9) | 22 (68.8) | 0.89 |
 Current smoking | 69 (20.8) | 38 (21.8) | 26 (20.6) | 5 (15.6) | 0.73 |
Clinical features | |||||
 Time from onset to admission, h | 5.0 (3.0-24.0) | 6.0 (3.0-24.0) | 5.0 (3.0-12.0) | 6.0 (3.0-16.0) | 0.32 |
 Systolic BP, mmHg | 169.2 ± 28.9 | 162.3 ± 27.2 | 175.7 ± 28.0 | 181.0 ± 32.6 | < 0.001 |
 Diastolic BP, mmHg | 94.9 ± 16.7 | 89.9 ± 14.5 | 100.3 ± 17.2 | 100.7 ± 17.6 | < 0.001 |
 Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.6) | 0.005 |
 Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.6 (4.1–5.4) | 4.5 (4.0–5.2) | 4.8 (4.2–5.6) | 4.8 (4.2–5.9) | 0.01 |
 LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.8 (2.3–3.4) | 2.7 (2.2–3.2) | 2.9 (2.3–3.7) | 2.6 (2.1–3.6) | 0.03 |
 HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.6) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 0.01 |
 Fasting plasma glucose, mol/L | 5.9 (5.2–7.0) | 5.7 (5.2–6.5) | 6.1 (5.3–7.3) | 8.5 (6.5–10.2) | < 0.001 |
 Baseline NIHSS score | 8 (3–13) | 5 (3–11) | 9 (4–13) | 24 (15–25) | < 0.001 |
Medical history | |||||
 History of hypertension | 275 (82.8) | 136 (79.9) | 111 (88.1) | 25 (78.1) | 0.13 |
 History of diabetes mellitus | 41 (12.4) | 16 (9.2) | 20 (15.9) | 5 (15.6) | 0.19 |
 History of stroke | 62 (18.7) | 27 (15.5) | 29 (23.0) | 6 (18.8) | 0.26 |
 History of atrial fibrillation | 9 (2.7) | 2 (1.2) | 5 (4.0) | 2 (6.3) | 0.14 |
 Antihypertensive medications | 220 (66.3) | 102 (58.6) | 97 (77.0) | 21 (65.6) | 0.004 |
CT findings | |||||
 Hematoma volume (mL) | 10.9 (5.0–23.8) | 10.0 (4.8–20.0) | 11.4 (5.0–26.4) | 36.2 (10.8–80.1) | < 0.001 |
 Hematoma location | |||||
 Lobar | 47 (14.2) | 29 (16.7) | 15 (11.9) | 3 (9.4) | 0.36 |
 Basal ganglia | 161 (48.5) | 85 (48.9) | 65 (51.6) | 11 (34.4) | 0.22 |
 Thalamus | 21 (6.3) | 10 (5.8) | 11 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.17 |
 Cerebellum | 12 (3.6) | 7 (4.0) | 5 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.51 |
 Brain stem | 28 (8.4) | 14 (8.1) | 8 (6.4) | 6 (18.8) | 0.08 |
 Intraventricular extension | 63 (19.0) | 29 (16.7) | 22 (17.5) | 12 (37.5) | 0.02 |
 Mean heart rate, bpm | 77 (72–86) | 72 (68–76) | 84 (81–88) | 108 (103–120) | < 0.001 |
 CV of heart rate, bpm | 10.1 (7.4–13.9) | 10.1 (7.4–13.2) | 9.9 (6.8–12.7) | 12.8 (9.0–16.1) | 0.02 |