Predictors of failure with high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure: a multicenter observational study

Table 2 Associated factors with intubation in 256 patients with COVID-19 treated with HFNO

	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value¹
Non-respiratory SOFA score	1.78 (1.41-2.35)	<0.01
ROX index	0.53 (0.38-0.72)	<0.01
pH, per 0.1-unit increase	0.47 (0.24-0.86)	0.03
Leucocyte count, 10⁹/μL	1.07 (1.001-1.13)	0.01
Malignancy	0.14 (0.02-0.88)	0.04
BMI, kg/m²	1.05 (0.97-1.14)	0.23
PaO₂/FiO₂ (per 10-point increase)	1.04 (0.97-1.11)	0.21
Gender (female)	1.60 (0.73-3.54)	0.24
D-dimer, U/L	1.00 (0.99-1.00)	0.31
APACHE II	0.95 (0.87-1.04)	0.26
Glasgow Coma Scale	0.51 (0.10-1.08)	0.34
Respiratory rate, rpm	0.97 (0.90-1.04)	0.50
Heart rate, bpm (per 10-bpm increase)	1.08 (0.87-1.35)	0.46
Time from symptom onset to ICU admission (per 1-day increase)	1.02 (0.95-1.12)	0.64
SBP, mmHg (per 10-mmHg increase)	0.96 (0.80-1.14)	0.66
PaCO₂, mmHg (per 5-mmHg increase)	1.03 (0.87-1.21)	0.76

¹Based on a multivariable logistic regression model after multiple imputation, 2 subjects were excluded for extensive missing data (>50% variables)
CI confidence interval; HFNO high flow nasal oxygen treatment; SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SBP systolic blood pressure; BMI body mass index; SpO₂ peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation; ICU intensive care unit; PaO₂/FiO₂ partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspiratory oxygen ratio; APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; PaCO₂ partial pressure of carbon dioxide; AIC Akaike information criterion

ISSN: 2052-0492