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Fig. 4 | Journal of Intensive Care

Fig. 4

From: Oxygen administration for patients with ARDS

Fig. 4

Practical examples of various dyssynchrony. Ventilator screen displaying various dyssynchrony. a Reverse triggering: The airway pressure curve demonstrated the waveform during the expiratory phase swinging slightly toward negative pressure (white arrows). The waveforms of airway flow and tidal volume were also deformed (gray arrows), indicating a presence of reverse triggering. b Ineffective triggering (white arrow) and auto triggering (gray arrow): The baseline before the first inspiration fluctuated slightly (white arrows), indicating a presence of ineffective triggering. The second inspiration had a different waveform from the others (gray arrows) with the absence of the patient’s respiratory effort, indicating auto triggering. c The airway pressure/airway flow curve presented a jaggy baseline (white arrows), indicating a presence of droplets or secretion in the circuit. The ventilation volume curve did not return to the baseline (gray arrow), indicating a presence of auto-PEEP. d The first inspiration induced reverse triggering and deformed expiratory waveform (white arrow). Consequently, a reverse triggering induced a double triggering (gray arrow). e The airway pressure/airway flow curve demonstrated the first expiratory waveform was trembling (white arrow), indicating the presence of an ineffective triggering

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