Table 1 Classification schemes for bacterial β-lactamases by Bush-Jacoby [17, 18]
Bush-Jacoby* | Ambler | Enzymatic center | Enzymes | Distinctive substrate | Characteristic(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | C | Ser | AmpC, CMY-1, ACT-1, FOX-1, MIR-1 | Cephalosporins | Resistance to CA and TZB |
1e | GC1, CMY-10, CMY-19, CMY-37 | Ceftazidime, oxyimino-β-lactams ESAC | Resistance to CA and TZB reduced sensitivity to carbapenems | |||
2 | 2a | A | PC1 | Penicillins | Inhibited by CA, TZB | |
2b | TEM-1, TEM-2, SHV-1 | Penicillins, early cephalosporins | Inhibited by CA, TZB | |||
2be | TEM-3, SHV-2, CTX-M-15, PER-1, VEB-1 | ESCP, monobactams | Inhibited by CA, TZB | |||
2br | TEM-30, SHV-10 | Penicillins | Resistance to CA, SB and TZB | |||
2ber | TEM-50 | ESCP, monobactams | Resistance to CA, SB and TZB | |||
2c | PSE-1, CARB-3 | Carbenicillin | Inhibited by CA, TZB | |||
2ce | RTG-4 | Carbenicillin, cefepime | Inhibited by CA, TZB | |||
2d | D | OXA-1, OXA-10 | Cloxacillin | Variable to CA, TZB | ||
2de | OXA-11, OXA-15 | ESCP, oxyimino-β-lactams | ||||
2df | OXA-23, OXA-48 | Cloxacillin, oxacillin, carbapenems | ||||
2e | A | CepA | ESCP | Inhibited by CA but not aztreonam | ||
2f | KPC-2, IMI-1, SME-1 | Carbapenems, oxyimino-β-lactams, cephamycins | Variable to CA, TZB | |||
3 | 3a | B1 | Zn2+ | IMP-1, VIM-1,CcrA, IND-1 | Carbapenems | Resistance to CA, SB and TZB Inhibited by monobactams |
3b | B3 | L1, CAU-1, GOB-1, FEZ-1 | ||||
3c | B2 | CphA, Sfh-1 | Resistance to CA, SB and TZB | |||