Table 1 Demographic, infection, and admission characteristics comparing those had ARDS and those did not
Characteristics | Â | ARDS (n = 85) | No ARDS (n = 509) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at admission—year |  | 70 (62–80) | 72 (63–82) | 0.46 |
Male gender | Â | 51 (60) | 289 (56.8) | 0.66 |
Admission source | Hospital wards and other hospitals | 28 (32.9) | 226 (44.5) | 0.12 |
Emergency department | 52 (61.2) | 255 (50.2) | ||
Intensive care unit | 5 (5.9) | 27 (5.3) | ||
Body mass index—kg/m2 |  | 23.4 ± 4.82 | 23.4 ± 5.45 | 0.07 |
Coexisting conditions | Myocardial infarction | 5 (5.9) | 27 (5.3) | 0.80 |
Congestive heart failure | 9 (10.6) | 53 (10.4) | 1.00 | |
Peripheral vascular disease | 2 (2.4) | 10 (2) | 0.69 | |
Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (8.2) | 65 (12.8) | 0.31 | |
Dementia | 4 (4.7) | 44 (8.6) | 0.28 | |
COPD | 4 (4.7) | 25 (4.9) | 1.00 | |
Connective tissue disease | 5 (5.9) | 32 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
Peptic ulcer disease | 2 (2.4) | 17 (3.3) | 1.00 | |
Diabetes mellitus | 21 (24.7) | 121 (23.8) | 0.96 | |
Chronic kidney disease | 5 (5.9) | 39 (7.7) | 0.66 | |
Hemiplegia | 2 (2.4) | 20 (3.9) | 0.76 | |
Malignancy (solid) | 6 (7.1) | 68 (13.4) | 0.15 | |
Malignancy (blood) | 1 (1.2) | 9 (1.8) | 1.00 | |
Metastatic tumor | 2 (2.4) | 15 (2.9) | 1.00 | |
Mild liver disease | 3 (3.5) | 25 (4.9) | 0.78 | |
Moderate to severe liver disease | 0 (0) | 15 (2.9) | 0.15 | |
AIDS | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) | 1.00 | |
CCI w/o diabetes mellitus |  | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.004 |
Smoking | Never | 55 (66.3) | 275 (59.0) | 0.05 |
Former | 24 (28.9) | 123 (26.4) | ||
Current | 4 (4.8) | 68 (14.6) | ||
Regular medication | Glucocorticoids | 9 (10.6) | 69 (13.6) | 0.56 |
Immunosuppressants | 3 (3.5) | 21 (4.1) | 1.00 | |
Anticoagulant | 13 (15.3) | 42 (8.3) | 0.04 | |
Antiplatelet | 14 (16.5) | 87 (17.1) | 1.00 | |
Statin | 5 (5.9) | 53 (10.4) | 0.24 | |
Beta blocker | 5 (5.9) | 36 (7.1) | 0.82 | |
Anticancer drug | 2 (2.4) | 15 (2.9) | 1.00 | |
Antibiotics | 16 (18.8) | 70 (13.8) | 0.29 | |
Site of infection | Abdomen | 32 (37.6) | 199 (39.1) | 0.25 |
Urinary tract | 15 (17.6) | 132 (25.9) | ||
Soft tissue | 17 (20.0) | 74 (14.5) | ||
Other than abdomen, urinary tract, or soft tissue | 21 (24.7) | 104 (20.4) | ||
Septic shock | Â | 68 (80) | 336 (66) | 0.02 |
Respiratory rate—/min |  | 25 (22–32) | 24 (21–30) | 0.34 |
FiO2 |  | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 0.3 (0.25–0.4) | < 0.001 |
PaO2—mmHg |  | 83 (75–103) | 94 (78.6–112) | 0.05 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio |  | 179 (119–240) | 284 (184–374) | < 0.001 |
Hematocrit—% |  | 33 (28–38) | 33 (29–39) | 0.38 |
Serum albumin—g/dL |  | 2.4 (2.0–2.8) | 2.6 (2.2–3.2) | 0.01 |
Blood pH |  | 7.36 (7.29–7.44) | 7.41 (7.34–7.47) | 0.003 |
Positive blood culture | Â | 54 (63.5) | 303 (59.9) | 0.53 |
Pathogens (blood culture) | Gram positive coccus | 23 (27.1) | 116 (22.8) | 0.39 |
Gram negative rod | 28 (32.9) | 167 (32.8) | 0.98 | |
APACHE II score |  | 26 (21–33) | 21 (16–28) | < 0.001 |
Non-pulmonary SOFA score |  | 9 (7–11) | 7 (4–9) | < 0.001 |