Table 1 Baseline characteristics and organ failure at time of echocardiography of critically ill patients with coronavirus-19 sepsis, according to survival at day 28
All patients (n = 67) | Survivors (n = 41) | Non-survivors (n = 26) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics and comorbidities | ||||
Age (years) | 61 (50–70) | 56 (48–66) | 67 (59–72) | < 0.01 |
Male gender, n (%) | 55 (82.1%) | 33 (80.5%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.75 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.3 (24.2–31.9) | 27.3 (23.9–31.6) | 27.4 (24.6–32.3) | 0.70 |
SAPS II at ICU admission | 36 (28–45) | 30 (27–40) | 41 (36–52) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 24 (36%) | 11 (27%) | 13 (50%) | 0.054 |
Atrial fibrillation | 6 (9%) | 3 (7%) | 7 (12%) | 0.67 |
Arterial hypertension | 36 (54%) | 17 (42%) | 19 (73%) | 0.01 |
Chronic systolic heart failure | 7 (10%) | 1 (2%) | 6 (23%) | < 0.01 |
Chronic renal replacement therapy | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (4%) | > 0.99 |
Chronic treatments | ||||
Aspirin | 13 (19%) | 4 (10%) | 9 (35%) | 0.02 |
Anticoagulants | 4 (6%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (8%) | 0.64 |
Statin | 14 (21%) | 5 (12%) | 9 (35%) | 0.03 |
Beta-blockers | 15 (22%) | 6 (15%) | 9 (35%) | 0.056 |
ACE inhibitors or ARB | 24 (36%) | 9 (22%) | 15 (56%) | < 0.01 |
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 1 (2%) | 0 | 1 (4%) | 0.39 |
Diuretic | 6 (9%) | 1 (2%) | 5 (19%) | 0.03 |
Organ failure and hemodynamics at time of echocardiography | ||||
GCS before intubation | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 0.37 |
pH | 7.36 (7.32–7.42) | 7.40 (7.35–7.45) | 7.32 (7.23–7.37) | < 0.01 |
Bicarbonates (mmol/L) | 25.8 (22.8–27.0) | 26.4 (25.2–28.0) | 23.3 (20.4–25.9) | < 0.01 |
Arterial blood lactate (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 2.0 (1.2–2.6) | 0.01 |
hs-TNT (ng/L) | 33 (14–77) | 25 (14–44) | 52 (23–358) | 0.01 |
Acute myocardial injury* | 47 (72%) | 26 (67%) | 21 (81%) | 0.21 |
CPK (UI/L) | 171 (85–364) | 129 (63–305) | 193 (147–421) | 0.03 |
NT-proBNP (ng/L) | 405 (141–1831) | 392 (128–1058) | 611 (167–3118) | 0.18 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 103 (72–201) | 81 (67–121) | 166 (95–256) | < 0.01 |
Platelet count (G/L) | 250 (174–313) | 268 (173–330) | 229 (181–289) | 0.36 |
Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 9 (6–22) | 10 (6–28) | 9 (6–18) | 0.53 |
SOFA score | 8 (6–9) | 7 (6–9) | 9 (7–10) | 0.03 |
PaO2/FiO2 | 139 (105–203) | 145 (118–209) | 133 (94–197) | 0.27 |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 42 (38–47) | 42 (39–46) | 42 (37–47) | 0.38 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 66 (99%) | 40 (98%) | 26 (100%) | > 0.99 |
PEEP (cmH2O) | 11 (8–12) | 11 (8–12) | 11 (9–13) | 0.43 |
Driving pressure | 12 (11–15) | 13 (10–16) | 12 (11–14) | 0.63 |
Crs (mL/cmH2O) | 32.7 (26.7–41.2) | 32.7 (25.7–41.3) | 32.3 (26.7–39.2) | 0.97 |
24-h fluid balance (mL) | 500 (250–1000) | 500 (63–688) | 750 (500–1125) | 0.03 |
MAP | 78 (71–85) | 80 (72–85) | 75 (70–86) | 0.46 |
Shock (need for vasopressor) | 60 (90%) | 36 (88%) | 24 (92%) | 0.70 |
Norepinephrine dose (mg/L) | 0.6 (0.3–1.7) | 0.5 (0.1–1.0) | 1.4 (0.5–2.7) | < 0.01 |
ECMO (%) | 0.44 | |||
Veno-venous | 3 (5%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (4%) | |
Veno-arterial | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Veno-arterio-venous | 1 (2%) | 0 | 1 (4%) | |
Renal replacement therapy | 3 (5%) | 3 (8%) | 0 | 0.27 |