Arcari et al.
|
Rome, Italy
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 15–Apr 30
|
111 (45.9)
|
72 (17)
|
55.9/18.9/31.5
|
NA
|
May 31
|
20.7
|
30.8
|
Azoulay et al.
|
Paris, France
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Feb 21–Apr 24
|
376 (76.9)
|
62 [53–68]
|
49.5/30.3/NA
|
100% critical, SOFA score 5 [3, 8]
|
May 15
|
26.4
|
NA
|
Barman et al.
|
Istanbul, Turkey
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 20–Apr 20
|
607 (55.0)
|
63 (14)
|
43.8/31.6/19.1
|
32.1% critical
|
Apr 20
|
17.0
|
42.7
|
Bhatla et al.
|
Philadelphia, USA
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Mar 6–May 19
|
700 (44.9)
|
50 (18)
|
49.6/26.0/1.6
|
11.3% critical
|
May 24
|
4.3
|
NA
|
Bhatraju et al.
|
Seattle, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Feb 24–Mar 9
|
24 (62.5)
|
64 (18)
|
NA/58.3/NA
|
100% critical
|
Mar 23
|
50.0
|
NA
|
Buckner et al.
|
Seattle, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 2–Mar 26
|
105 (50.5)
|
69 (range 23–97)
|
59.0/33.3/38.1
|
48.6% critical
|
May 8
|
33.3
|
NA
|
Cipriani et al.
|
Padova, Italy
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Feb 26–Mar 31
|
109 (67.0)
|
70 [60–81]
|
62.3/24.8/16.5
|
28.4% critical
|
Apr 1
|
18.3
|
43.9
|
Du et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Prospective, single-centre
|
Dec 25–Feb 7
|
179 (54.2)
|
58 (14)
|
32.4/18.4/16.2
|
NA
|
Mar 24
|
11.7
|
31.7
|
Ferguson et al.
|
North California, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 13–Apr 11
|
72
|
NA
|
36.1/27.8/NA
|
29.2% critical
|
May 2
|
6.9
|
NA
|
Franks et al.
|
St. Louis, USA
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
NA
|
182 (56.6)
|
64 (range 19–98)
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
18.7
|
36.9
|
Gottlieb et al.
|
Chicago, USA
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Mar 4–Jun 21
|
1483 (53.4)
|
56 [44–68]
|
60.5/42.8/15.4
|
35.6 % critical
|
Jul 10
|
10.0
|
NA
|
Goyal et al.
|
New York, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 3–Mar 27
|
393 (60.6)
|
62 [49, 74]
|
50.1/25.2/13.7
|
NA
|
Apr 10
|
10.2
|
NA
|
Harmouch et al.
|
Bethlehem, USA
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Mar 1–Apr 15
|
563 (57.1)
|
63
|
50.3/35.2/NA
|
24.3 % critical
|
NA
|
14.5
|
36.1
|
He et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Feb 8–Mar 16
|
94 (57.4)
|
69 (10)
|
59.6/19.1/12.8
|
100% critical
|
Mar 16
|
44.7
|
NA
|
Heberto et al.
|
Puebla and Mexico City, Mexico
|
Prospective, multi-centre
|
Mar-Apr
|
254 (65.7)
|
54 (13)
|
35.4/31.5/5.5
|
NA
|
To death or discharge
|
35.0
|
NA
|
Hu et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 8–Feb 20
|
323 (51.4)
|
61 (range 23–91)
|
32.5/14.6/2.2
|
45.2% severe, 8.0 critical
|
Mar 10
|
10.8
|
NA
|
Huang et al.
|
Jiangsu, China
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Jan 24–Apr 20
|
60 (58.3)
|
57 (range 26–97)
|
23.3/16.7/5.0
|
100% critical, APACHE II score 14 (5)
|
Apr 20
|
0
|
NA
|
Karbalai et al.
|
Tehran, Iran
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Mar-May
|
386 (61.1)
|
59 (16)
|
36.8/34.5/25.1
|
20.5 % critical
|
To death or discharge
|
19.9
|
NA
|
Lala et al.
|
New York, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Feb 27–Apr 12
|
2736 (59.6)
|
66
|
38.9/26.3/16.6
|
CURB-65 score 1.26 (1.10)
|
Apr 12
|
27.3
|
NA
|
Lazzeri et al.
|
Florence, Italy
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Mar 1–Mar 31
|
28 (78.6)
|
62 (10)
|
89.3/39.3/28.6
|
100% critical
|
Mar 31
|
7.1
|
NA
|
Li et al.
|
Guangzhou, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 24–Feb 25
|
82 (58.5)
|
45 (16)
|
26.8/21.9/NA
|
29.3% severe or critical
|
Feb 29
|
1.2
|
7.7
|
Li et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 29–Apr 1
|
2068 (48.6)
|
63 [51, 70]
|
34.9/14.1/8.8
|
32.0 % critical
|
Apr 1
|
8.8
|
45.9
|
Lombardi et al.
|
Italy
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 1–Apr 9
|
614 (70.8)
|
67 (13)
|
50.5/19.8/15.0
|
SOFA score 2 [1, 3]
|
Apr 23
|
24.1
|
37.4
|
Lorente-Ros et al.
|
Madrid, Spain
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Mar 18–Mar 23
|
707 (62.7)
|
67 (16)
|
50.5/20.2/10.6
|
52.1% critical
|
1 month after admission
|
19.8
|
45.2
|
Lu et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Dec 30–Mar 18
|
50 (58.0)
|
66 [58, 73]
|
38.0/18.0/18.0
|
100% critical, APACHE II score 12.0 [9.0, 16.3]
|
To death or discharge
|
60.0
|
NA
|
Ma et al.
|
Chongqing, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 21–Mar 2
|
84 (57.1)
|
48 [43, 63]
|
14.3/11.9/6.0
|
76.2% severe or critical
|
Mar 2
|
0
|
NA
|
Majure et al.
|
New York, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 1–Apr 27
|
6247 (59.9)
|
66 [56, 77]
|
59.5/36.0/13.3
|
30.2% critical
|
Apr 30
|
22.4
|
43.5
|
Mejía-Vilet et al.
|
Mexico City, Mexico
|
Prospective, single-centre
|
Mar 16–May 21
|
569 (66.3)
|
D, 49 [41, 60]; V, 52 [43, 60]
|
28.5/27.8/NA
|
35.0% critical
|
May 24
|
11.1
|
NA
|
Nguyen et al.
|
Chicago, USA
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Mar 16–Apr 16
|
356 (48.0)
|
61 [50, 73]
|
69.5/42.1/21.9
|
44% critical
|
May 25
|
12.6
|
21.4
|
Nie et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 12–Mar 12
|
311 (61.1)
|
63 [54, 70]
|
NA
|
57.9% severe, 9.6% critical
|
Mar 20
|
35.7
|
NA
|
Petrilli et al.
|
New York, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 2–Apr 2
|
1999 (62.6)
|
62 [50, 74]
|
37.1/25.2/9.9
|
36.1% critical
|
Apr 7
|
14.6
|
NA
|
Price-Haywood et al.
|
Louisiana, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 1–Apr 11
|
1382 (49.0)
|
63 (15)
|
NA
|
34.3% critical
|
May 7
|
23.6
|
NA
|
Qi et al.
|
Chongqing, China
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Jan 19–Feb 16
|
267 (55.8)
|
48 [35, 65]
|
7.5/9.7/4.9
|
18.7% severe or critical
|
Feb 16
|
1.5
|
NA
|
Qin et al.
|
Hubei, China
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Dec 31–Mar 4
|
3219 (47.7)
|
57 [45, 66]
|
27.8/12.8/6.4
|
NA
|
28 days after admission
|
6.0
|
37.9
|
Raad et al.
|
Michigan, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 9–Apr 15
|
1020 (49.9)
|
63 [52, 73]
|
72.7/44.3/12.1
|
50.2% critical
|
To death or discharge
|
17.6
|
32.8
|
Shah et al.
|
Albany, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 2–Jun 7
|
309 (42.7)
|
63 (14)
|
84.5/46.3/9.1
|
35.6% critical
|
To death or discharge
|
21.4
|
NA
|
Shah et al.
|
San Francisco, USA
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Feb 3–Mar 31
|
26 (NA)
|
NA
|
NA
|
42.3% critical
|
Apr 25
|
3.8
|
NA
|
Shen et al.
|
Shanghai, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 20–Feb 29
|
325 (51.7)
|
51 [36, 64]
|
15.6/7.1/3.4
|
3.1% severe, 4.9% critical
|
Feb 29
|
0.9
|
NA
|
Stefanini et al.
|
Milan, Italy
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Up to Apr 1
|
397 (67.3)
|
67 [55, 76]
|
56.7/24.6/8.4
|
NA
|
To death or discharge
|
23.2
|
45.4
|
Szekely et al.
|
Tel Aviv, Israel
|
Prospective, single-centre
|
Mar 21–Apr 16
|
100 (63.0)
|
66 (17)
|
57.0/29.0/16.0
|
29.0% severe, 10.0% critical
|
NA
|
NA
|
NA
|
Tan et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Feb 8–Apr 6
|
115 (49.6)
|
63 [55, 70]
|
47.0/25.2/NA
|
63.5% severe, 36.5% critical
|
Apr 6
|
19.1
|
70.0
|
van den Heuvel et al.
|
Nijmegen, Netherlands
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Apr 1–May 12
|
51 (80.4)
|
63 [51, 68]
|
41.1/17.6/9.8
|
37.2% critical
|
To death or discharge
|
2.0
|
NA
|
Wei et al.
|
Chengdu, China
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Jan 16–Mar 10
|
101 (53.5)
|
49 [34, 62]
|
20.8/13.9/5.0
|
36.6% severe or critical
|
NA
|
3.0
|
18.8
|
Woo et al.
|
Philadelphia, USA
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Mar 1–Apr 30
|
415 (55.2)
|
65 (15)
|
69.9/35.0/18.1
|
39.3% critical
|
14 days after admission
|
21.2
|
NA
|
Xu et al.
|
Guangzhou, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 22–Apr 6
|
15 (60.0)
|
44 (13)
|
26.7/NA/NA
|
53.3% severe, 6.7% critical
|
Apr 6
|
0
|
NA
|
Yang et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Feb 13–Mar 14
|
463 (49.9)
|
60 [50, 69]
|
38.7/17.3/7.3
|
8.2% severe, 14.3% critical
|
Mar 28
|
5.8
|
40.0
|
Yu et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Prospective, multi-centre
|
Feb 25–Feb 27
|
226 (61.5)
|
64 [57, 70]
|
42.5/20.8/9.7
|
100% critical, SOFA score 4 [2, 8]
|
Apr 9
|
38.5
|
NA
|
Zeng et al.
|
Shenzhen, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 11–Apr 1
|
416 (47.6)
|
NA
|
14.4/5.5/3.1
|
8.4% critical
|
Apr 1
|
0.7
|
NA
|
Zhang et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Feb 1–Mar 15
|
135 (49.6)
|
56 [42, 68]
|
20.7/11.9/3.0
|
22.2% critical
|
NA
|
13.3
|
35.0
|
Zhao et al.
|
Jingzhou, China
|
Retrospective, single-centre
|
Jan 16–Feb 10
|
91 (53.8)
|
46
|
19.8/3.3/0
|
33.0% severe or critical
|
Feb 10
|
2.2
|
NA
|
Zhou et al.
|
Wuhan, China
|
Retrospective, multi-centre
|
Dec 29–Jan 31
|
191 (62.3)
|
56 [46, 67]
|
30.4/18.8/7.9
|
34.6% severe, 27.7% critical
|
Jan 31
|
28.3
|
95.8
|