Table 1 Main characteristics of included studies
Study author | Location | Design | Date of admission | Patients | Comorbidities (HTN/DM/CVD, %) | Disease severitya | Date of last follow-up | Overall mortality, % | Mortality of pts with elevated troponin on admission, % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (male, %) | Age, years | |||||||||
Arcari et al. | Rome, Italy | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 15–Apr 30 | 111 (45.9) | 72 (17) | 55.9/18.9/31.5 | NA | May 31 | 20.7 | 30.8 |
Azoulay et al. | Paris, France | Retrospective, multi-centre | Feb 21–Apr 24 | 376 (76.9) | 62 [53–68] | 49.5/30.3/NA | 100% critical, SOFA score 5 [3, 8] | May 15 | 26.4 | NA |
Barman et al. | Istanbul, Turkey | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 20–Apr 20 | 607 (55.0) | 63 (14) | 43.8/31.6/19.1 | 32.1% critical | Apr 20 | 17.0 | 42.7 |
Bhatla et al. | Philadelphia, USA | Retrospective, single-centre | Mar 6–May 19 | 700 (44.9) | 50 (18) | 49.6/26.0/1.6 | 11.3% critical | May 24 | 4.3 | NA |
Bhatraju et al. | Seattle, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Feb 24–Mar 9 | 24 (62.5) | 64 (18) | NA/58.3/NA | 100% critical | Mar 23 | 50.0 | NA |
Buckner et al. | Seattle, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 2–Mar 26 | 105 (50.5) | 69 (range 23–97) | 59.0/33.3/38.1 | 48.6% critical | May 8 | 33.3 | NA |
Cipriani et al. | Padova, Italy | Retrospective, single-centre | Feb 26–Mar 31 | 109 (67.0) | 70 [60–81] | 62.3/24.8/16.5 | 28.4% critical | Apr 1 | 18.3 | 43.9 |
Du et al. | Wuhan, China | Prospective, single-centre | Dec 25–Feb 7 | 179 (54.2) | 58 (14) | 32.4/18.4/16.2 | NA | Mar 24 | 11.7 | 31.7 |
Ferguson et al. | North California, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 13–Apr 11 | 72 | NA | 36.1/27.8/NA | 29.2% critical | May 2 | 6.9 | NA |
Franks et al. | St. Louis, USA | Retrospective, single-centre | NA | 182 (56.6) | 64 (range 19–98) | NA | NA | NA | 18.7 | 36.9 |
Gottlieb et al. | Chicago, USA | Retrospective, single-centre | Mar 4–Jun 21 | 1483 (53.4) | 56 [44–68] | 60.5/42.8/15.4 | 35.6 % critical | Jul 10 | 10.0 | NA |
Goyal et al. | New York, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 3–Mar 27 | 393 (60.6) | 62 [49, 74] | 50.1/25.2/13.7 | NA | Apr 10 | 10.2 | NA |
Harmouch et al. | Bethlehem, USA | Retrospective, single-centre | Mar 1–Apr 15 | 563 (57.1) | 63 | 50.3/35.2/NA | 24.3 % critical | NA | 14.5 | 36.1 |
He et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Feb 8–Mar 16 | 94 (57.4) | 69 (10) | 59.6/19.1/12.8 | 100% critical | Mar 16 | 44.7 | NA |
Heberto et al. | Puebla and Mexico City, Mexico | Prospective, multi-centre | Mar-Apr | 254 (65.7) | 54 (13) | 35.4/31.5/5.5 | NA | To death or discharge | 35.0 | NA |
Hu et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 8–Feb 20 | 323 (51.4) | 61 (range 23–91) | 32.5/14.6/2.2 | 45.2% severe, 8.0 critical | Mar 10 | 10.8 | NA |
Huang et al. | Jiangsu, China | Retrospective, multi-centre | Jan 24–Apr 20 | 60 (58.3) | 57 (range 26–97) | 23.3/16.7/5.0 | 100% critical, APACHE II score 14 (5) | Apr 20 | 0 | NA |
Karbalai et al. | Tehran, Iran | Retrospective, single-centre | Mar-May | 386 (61.1) | 59 (16) | 36.8/34.5/25.1 | 20.5 % critical | To death or discharge | 19.9 | NA |
Lala et al. | New York, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Feb 27–Apr 12 | 2736 (59.6) | 66 | 38.9/26.3/16.6 | CURB-65 score 1.26 (1.10) | Apr 12 | 27.3 | NA |
Lazzeri et al. | Florence, Italy | Retrospective, single-centre | Mar 1–Mar 31 | 28 (78.6) | 62 (10) | 89.3/39.3/28.6 | 100% critical | Mar 31 | 7.1 | NA |
Li et al. | Guangzhou, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 24–Feb 25 | 82 (58.5) | 45 (16) | 26.8/21.9/NA | 29.3% severe or critical | Feb 29 | 1.2 | 7.7 |
Li et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 29–Apr 1 | 2068 (48.6) | 63 [51, 70] | 34.9/14.1/8.8 | 32.0 % critical | Apr 1 | 8.8 | 45.9 |
Lombardi et al. | Italy | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 1–Apr 9 | 614 (70.8) | 67 (13) | 50.5/19.8/15.0 | SOFA score 2 [1, 3] | Apr 23 | 24.1 | 37.4 |
Lorente-Ros et al. | Madrid, Spain | Retrospective, single-centre | Mar 18–Mar 23 | 707 (62.7) | 67 (16) | 50.5/20.2/10.6 | 52.1% critical | 1 month after admission | 19.8 | 45.2 |
Lu et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Dec 30–Mar 18 | 50 (58.0) | 66 [58, 73] | 38.0/18.0/18.0 | 100% critical, APACHE II score 12.0 [9.0, 16.3] | To death or discharge | 60.0 | NA |
Ma et al. | Chongqing, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 21–Mar 2 | 84 (57.1) | 48 [43, 63] | 14.3/11.9/6.0 | 76.2% severe or critical | Mar 2 | 0 | NA |
Majure et al. | New York, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 1–Apr 27 | 6247 (59.9) | 66 [56, 77] | 59.5/36.0/13.3 | 30.2% critical | Apr 30 | 22.4 | 43.5 |
MejÃa-Vilet et al. | Mexico City, Mexico | Prospective, single-centre | Mar 16–May 21 | 569 (66.3) | D, 49 [41, 60]; V, 52 [43, 60] | 28.5/27.8/NA | 35.0% critical | May 24 | 11.1 | NA |
Nguyen et al. | Chicago, USA | Retrospective, single-centre | Mar 16–Apr 16 | 356 (48.0) | 61 [50, 73] | 69.5/42.1/21.9 | 44% critical | May 25 | 12.6 | 21.4 |
Nie et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 12–Mar 12 | 311 (61.1) | 63 [54, 70] | NA | 57.9% severe, 9.6% critical | Mar 20 | 35.7 | NA |
Petrilli et al. | New York, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 2–Apr 2 | 1999 (62.6) | 62 [50, 74] | 37.1/25.2/9.9 | 36.1% critical | Apr 7 | 14.6 | NA |
Price-Haywood et al. | Louisiana, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 1–Apr 11 | 1382 (49.0) | 63 (15) | NA | 34.3% critical | May 7 | 23.6 | NA |
Qi et al. | Chongqing, China | Retrospective, multi-centre | Jan 19–Feb 16 | 267 (55.8) | 48 [35, 65] | 7.5/9.7/4.9 | 18.7% severe or critical | Feb 16 | 1.5 | NA |
Qin et al. | Hubei, China | Retrospective, multi-centre | Dec 31–Mar 4 | 3219 (47.7) | 57 [45, 66] | 27.8/12.8/6.4 | NA | 28 days after admission | 6.0 | 37.9 |
Raad et al. | Michigan, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 9–Apr 15 | 1020 (49.9) | 63 [52, 73] | 72.7/44.3/12.1 | 50.2% critical | To death or discharge | 17.6 | 32.8 |
Shah et al. | Albany, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 2–Jun 7 | 309 (42.7) | 63 (14) | 84.5/46.3/9.1 | 35.6% critical | To death or discharge | 21.4 | NA |
Shah et al. | San Francisco, USA | Retrospective, single-centre | Feb 3–Mar 31 | 26 (NA) | NA | NA | 42.3% critical | Apr 25 | 3.8 | NA |
Shen et al. | Shanghai, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 20–Feb 29 | 325 (51.7) | 51 [36, 64] | 15.6/7.1/3.4 | 3.1% severe, 4.9% critical | Feb 29 | 0.9 | NA |
Stefanini et al. | Milan, Italy | Retrospective, single-centre | Up to Apr 1 | 397 (67.3) | 67 [55, 76] | 56.7/24.6/8.4 | NA | To death or discharge | 23.2 | 45.4 |
Szekely et al. | Tel Aviv, Israel | Prospective, single-centre | Mar 21–Apr 16 | 100 (63.0) | 66 (17) | 57.0/29.0/16.0 | 29.0% severe, 10.0% critical | NA | NA | NA |
Tan et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, multi-centre | Feb 8–Apr 6 | 115 (49.6) | 63 [55, 70] | 47.0/25.2/NA | 63.5% severe, 36.5% critical | Apr 6 | 19.1 | 70.0 |
van den Heuvel et al. | Nijmegen, Netherlands | Retrospective, single-centre | Apr 1–May 12 | 51 (80.4) | 63 [51, 68] | 41.1/17.6/9.8 | 37.2% critical | To death or discharge | 2.0 | NA |
Wei et al. | Chengdu, China | Retrospective, multi-centre | Jan 16–Mar 10 | 101 (53.5) | 49 [34, 62] | 20.8/13.9/5.0 | 36.6% severe or critical | NA | 3.0 | 18.8 |
Woo et al. | Philadelphia, USA | Retrospective, multi-centre | Mar 1–Apr 30 | 415 (55.2) | 65 (15) | 69.9/35.0/18.1 | 39.3% critical | 14 days after admission | 21.2 | NA |
Xu et al. | Guangzhou, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 22–Apr 6 | 15 (60.0) | 44 (13) | 26.7/NA/NA | 53.3% severe, 6.7% critical | Apr 6 | 0 | NA |
Yang et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Feb 13–Mar 14 | 463 (49.9) | 60 [50, 69] | 38.7/17.3/7.3 | 8.2% severe, 14.3% critical | Mar 28 | 5.8 | 40.0 |
Yu et al. | Wuhan, China | Prospective, multi-centre | Feb 25–Feb 27 | 226 (61.5) | 64 [57, 70] | 42.5/20.8/9.7 | 100% critical, SOFA score 4 [2, 8] | Apr 9 | 38.5 | NA |
Zeng et al. | Shenzhen, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 11–Apr 1 | 416 (47.6) | NA | 14.4/5.5/3.1 | 8.4% critical | Apr 1 | 0.7 | NA |
Zhang et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Feb 1–Mar 15 | 135 (49.6) | 56 [42, 68] | 20.7/11.9/3.0 | 22.2% critical | NA | 13.3 | 35.0 |
Zhao et al. | Jingzhou, China | Retrospective, single-centre | Jan 16–Feb 10 | 91 (53.8) | 46 | 19.8/3.3/0 | 33.0% severe or critical | Feb 10 | 2.2 | NA |
Zhou et al. | Wuhan, China | Retrospective, multi-centre | Dec 29–Jan 31 | 191 (62.3) | 56 [46, 67] | 30.4/18.8/7.9 | 34.6% severe, 27.7% critical | Jan 31 | 28.3 | 95.8 |