Upper limb muscle atrophy associated with in-hospital mortality and physical function impairments in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults: a two-center prospective observational study

Table 2 Biceps brachii and rectus femoris muscle atrophy between survivors and non-survivors

	Day 3	Day 5	Day 7
	n = 43/21*	n = 38/18*	n = 21/15*
Biceps brachii muscle atrophy ratio
Survivors (%)	5.8 (1.7–11.9)	10.8 (2.7–12.1)	12.2 (9.0–13.9)
Non-survivors (%)	8.0 (3.7–10.1)	14.8 (7.3–17.0)	19.6 (12.5–28.3)
Univariate analysis p value^a	0.43	0.01	< 0.01
Multivariate analysis p value^b	0.38	0.01	< 0.01
Rectus femoris muscle atrophy ratio
Survivors (%)	6.1 (0.7–11.5)	11.0 (3.4–18.9)	15.6 (3.3–18.0)
Non-survivors (%)	11.1 (4.6–17.6)	18.0 (12.2–23.5)	23.9 (20.2–31.3)
Univariate analysis p value^a	0.32	0.01	< 0.01
Multivariate analysis p value^b	0.78	0.049	< 0.01

Atrophy ratio was reported as median (interquartile range)
*The number shows survivors/non-survivors in each study day
^aUnivariate analysis was conducted comparing the atrophy ratio between survivors and non-survivors
^bMultivariate analysis was conducted using age, gender, APACHE II score, and the limb muscle atrophy to evaluate in-hospital mortality. Good fit was confirmed with the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (p = 0.28–0.85), and the c statistics was 0.71–0.93

ISSN: 2052-0492