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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Upper limb muscle atrophy associated with in-hospital mortality and physical function impairments in mechanically ventilated critically ill adults: a two-center prospective observational study

Variables

Overall (n = 64)

Age, years (mean [SD])

70 ± 13

Sex (men), n (%)

43 (67)

Body mass index, kg/m2

22.6 (20.4–25.9)

Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II

27 (22–30)

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment

8 (5–10)

Sepsis defined by sepsis-3 criteria

34 (53)

Length of mechanical ventilation, days

6 (4–13)

Length of ICU stay, days

10 (6–16)

Length of hospital stay, days

38 (18–57)

Mortality in the ICU, n (%)

13 (20)

Mortality in the hospital, n (%)

21 (33)

ICU admission reasons, n (%)

 

 Respiratory failure

27 (42)

 Sepsis, non-respiratory

9 (14)

 Post-cardiac surgery

7 (11)

 Heart failure

5 (8)

 Trauma

5 (8)

 Cardiac arrest

5 (8)

 Neurologic

3 (5)

 Other

3 (5)

Comorbiditiesa, n (%)

 

 Diabetes mellitus

15 (23)

 Cancer

7 (11)

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

2 (3)

Medications, n (%)

 

 Opioid

55 (86)

 Midazolam

32 (50)

 Dexmedetomidine

33 (52)

 Propofol

18 (28)

 Catecholamineb

40 (63)

 Steroidsc

22 (34)

 Neuromuscular blocking agentsd

9 (14)

 Aminoglycoside

2 (3)

Nutritione

 

 Calorie, kcal/kg

 

  Day 3

8.6 (3.5–13.1)

  Day 5

13.1 (8.3–18.7)

  Day 7

13.3 (8.0–17.3)

 Protein, g/kg

 

  Day 3

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

  Day 5

0.7 (0.3–1.0)

  Day 7

0.6 (0.3–1.0)

 ICU mobility scale

 

  Day 3

0 (0–1)

  Day 5

0 (0–1)

  Day 7

1 (0–1)

  1. Data were presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated
  2. SD standard deviation, ICU intensive care unit
  3. aPresence of comorbidities at the ICU admission
  4. bCatecholamines including dopamine, dobutamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline cCorticosteroids with intravenous or peroral use
  5. dNeuromuscular blocking agents with continuous use
  6. eEnteral and parenteral nutrition