Study (year) | Location | Setting | Number of centres | Type of patients | Indications for enteral nutrition | Sedation medication | Arms | Sample size, n | Age (year), mean ± SD | Sex, male, % | Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | Prior altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy, n (%) | Sedation, n (%) | Pre-procedural fasting | Use of prokinetic agents, n (%) | Operators required (n) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Holzinger, U et al. (2011) [5] | Austria | Single | 1 | ICU patients | Intolerance of intragastric enteral nutrition | NR | EM | 44 | 55 ± 18 | 63.6 | 28 ± 7 | 0 (0) | 39 (88.6) | NR | NR | NR |
ENDO | 22 | 56 ± 15 | 36.4 | 29 ± 8 | 0 (0) | 18 (81.8) | NR | 0 (0) | Gastroenterologist (1), nurse (NR) | |||||||
Gerritsen, A et al. (2016) [6] | Netherlands | Multicentre | 5 | Patients from gastrointestinal surgical wards | Postoperative gastroparesis, malnutrition, pancreatitis, ileus, and other | NR | EM | 80 | 63.2 ± 14.4 | 51.3 | 25.6 (22.4–27.7) median (interquartile range) | 14 (17.5) | 0 (0) | None | 49 (61.3) | Nurse (1) |
ENDO | 74 | 64.6 ± 13.1 | 56.8 | 24.7 (22.4–26.9) median (interquartile range) | 14 (18.9) | 61 (82.4) | Yes | 46 (62.2) | Gastroenterologist (1), nurse (1–2) | |||||||
Kappelle, WFW et al. (2018) [7] | Netherlands | Multicentre | 3 | ICU patients and non-ICU patients | Postoperative gastroparesis,critical illness gastroparesis,pancreatitis, severe GERD, severe vomiting, low intake, and other | Propofol | EM | 82 | 57.9 ± 16.8 | 53.7 | NR | 0 (0) | 11 (12.9) | Yes | 7 (9) | Nurse (1) |
ENDO | 73 | 56.6 ± 14.3 | 60.3 | NR | 0 (0) | 43 58.9) | Yes | 0 (0) | Gastroenterologist (1), nurse (1–2) | |||||||
Gao, XJ et al. (2018) [8] | China | Single | 1 | ICU patients | Intolerance of intragastric enteral nutrition | Propofol | EM | 81 | 51.5 ± 18.3 | 53.1 | 21.2 ± 3.3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NR | 81 (100) | Member of nutritional support team (1) |
ENDO | 80 | 52.3 ± 18.2 | 51.3 | 21.6 ± 3.2 | 0 (0) | 80 (100) | Yes | 80 (100) | Gastroenterologist (1), nurse (1–2) |