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Table 1 Characteristics of studies and patient demographics

From: Electromagnetic-guided versus endoscopic placement of post-pyloric feeding tubes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Study (year)

Location

Setting

Number of centres

Type of patients

Indications for enteral nutrition

Sedation medication

Arms

Sample size, n

Age (year), mean ± SD

Sex, male, %

Body mass index (kg/m2),

mean ± SD

Prior altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy, n (%)

Sedation, n (%)

Pre-procedural fasting

Use of prokinetic agents, n (%)

Operators required (n)

Holzinger, U et al. (2011) [5]

Austria

Single

1

ICU patients

Intolerance of intragastric enteral nutrition

NR

EM

44

55 ± 18

63.6

28 ± 7

0 (0)

39 (88.6)

NR

NR

NR

ENDO

22

56 ± 15

36.4

29 ± 8

0 (0)

18 (81.8)

NR

0 (0)

Gastroenterologist (1), nurse (NR)

Gerritsen, A et al. (2016) [6]

Netherlands

Multicentre

5

Patients from gastrointestinal surgical wards

Postoperative gastroparesis, malnutrition, pancreatitis, ileus, and other

NR

EM

80

63.2 ± 14.4

51.3

25.6 (22.4–27.7) median (interquartile range)

14 (17.5)

0 (0)

None

49 (61.3)

Nurse (1)

ENDO

74

64.6 ± 13.1

56.8

24.7 (22.4–26.9) median (interquartile range)

14 (18.9)

61 (82.4)

Yes

46 (62.2)

Gastroenterologist (1), nurse (1–2)

Kappelle, WFW et al. (2018) [7]

Netherlands

Multicentre

3

ICU patients and non-ICU patients

Postoperative gastroparesis,critical illness gastroparesis,pancreatitis, severe GERD, severe vomiting, low intake, and other

Propofol

EM

82

57.9 ± 16.8

53.7

NR

0 (0)

11 (12.9)

Yes

7 (9)

Nurse (1)

ENDO

73

56.6 ± 14.3

60.3

NR

0 (0)

43 58.9)

Yes

0 (0)

Gastroenterologist (1), nurse (1–2)

Gao, XJ et al. (2018) [8]

China

Single

1

ICU patients

Intolerance of intragastric enteral nutrition

Propofol

EM

81

51.5 ± 18.3

53.1

21.2 ± 3.3

0 (0)

0 (0)

NR

81 (100)

Member of nutritional support team (1)

ENDO

80

52.3 ± 18.2

51.3

21.6 ± 3.2

0 (0)

80 (100)

Yes

80 (100)

Gastroenterologist (1), nurse (1–2)

  1. RCT randomised controlled trial, EM electromagnetic-guided nasoenteral feeding tube placement, ENDO endoscopic nasoenteral feeding tube placement, GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, ICU intensive care unit, NR not reported