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Table 3 Characteristics of the learner population, training program, device used, and study duration for 23 included studies

From: Ensuring competency in focused cardiac ultrasound: a systematic review of training programs

 

LEARNERS

 

ULTRASOUND DEVICE

STUDY DURATION

Ratio of Learners to Instructors

Didactic hours

Hands-on hours

Total training hours

# of training scans

Alexander 2004 [36]

20 IM residents

Not specified

1.5

1.5

3

Not specified

Phillips OptiGo

7 months

Beraud 2013 [37]

18 critical care fellows

18:1

8

15

23

25 exams (avg)

Range: 18-32

Sonosite M-Turbo

1 year

Caronia 2013 [38]

7 IM residents

1:1

5

3

 

15 exams (avg)

Range: 5-31

Sonosite M-Turbo

1 month

Carrie 2015 [39]

6 EM residents

Not specified

6

Not specified

6 + hands-on timea

Not specified

GE Vscan

3 months

Chisholm 2013 [40]

14 EM attendings

14:1

9.2

Not specified

9.2

8 exams (avg)

Range: 3-13

Sonosite M-Turbo

5 months

Croft 2006 [41]

9 IM residents

Not specified

15

5

20

Not specified

Phillips OptiGo

1 month

Farsi 2017 [42]

17 EM residents

Not specified

4

6

10

Not specified

Samsung SonoAce X8

3 months

Ferrada 2011 [43]

6 surgeons,

1 EM attending

7:1

1.16

0.5

1.66

1 exam

SonoSite S-ICU

Not specified

Gaudet 2016 [44]

6 critical care fellows

6:1

8

8

16

0 exams

Philips iE33 xMATRIX

Not specified

Hellmann 2005 [45]

30 IM residents

Not specified

0.75

Not specified

0.75 + self studya

3 exams

SonoSite 180

2 years

Johnson 2016 [46]

10 IM residents

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

18

44 exams (avg)

SonoSite NanoMaxx or SonoSite EDGE

6 months

Labbe 2016 [47]

5 IM residents

5:1

3.9

1.8

5.7

10 exams

Phillips HD11XE or Phillips CX50

5 months

6 IM residents

6:1

5.6

2.7

8.3

27 exams

7 months

Lucas 2009 [48]

8 hospitalists

8:1

2

20

27

30 exams

MicroMaxx 3.4

3 months

Manasia 2005 [49]

6 intensivists

6:1

Not specified

Not specified

10

not specified

SonoHeart

9 months

Martin 2007 [50]

10 hospitalists

Not specified

6

Not specified

6 + self studya

5 exams

SonoSite Elite

4-7 months

Mjolstad 2013 [51]

6 IM residents

Not specified

4

Not specified

4

95 exams (median)

Range: 80-225

GE Vscan 1.2

2.5 months

Mozzini 2014 [52]

23 IM residents

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

9

5 exams

Philips Envisor

9 months

12 IM residents

Not specified

Not specified

Not specified

18

5 exams

Ruddox 2013 [53]

26 IM residents

5:1 or 6:1

1

1

2

Not specified

GE Vscan

9 months

Ruddox 2017 [54]

20 IM residents

2:1, 3:1, or 4:1

1.5

2.5

4

Not specified

GE Vscan

6 months

See 2014 [55]

7 critical care fellows

Online learning

10

2.5

12.5

5 exams

Philips Sparq

1 year

Smith 2018 [56]

9 hospitalists

9:1

8+

Not specified

30.6 (avg)

Not specified

Philips Sparq

6 months

Vignon 2010 [57]

5 anesthesia residents, 1 IM resident

3:1

6

6

12

10-12 exams

Philips OptiGo

3 months

Yan 2010 [58]

10 medical students

Not specified

7

3

10

Not specified

GE Vscan

1 months

  1. Italicized studies reported kappa agreement values for LV systolic function and/or pericardial effusion and were therefore included in quantitative analysis
  2. IM Internal medicine, EM Emergency medicine, avg Average
  3. aDuration not specified