Variables
|
Age - year (IQR)
|
66 (59–72)
|
64 (56–70)
|
68 (62–74)
|
< 0.001
|
Sex - male – no (%)
|
300 (76.7%)
|
121 (73.3%)
|
179 (79.2%)
|
0.175
|
BMI - median (IQR)
|
28 (26–31)
|
28 (26–31)
|
28 (26–31)
|
0.918
|
SAPS II score
|
38 (31–46)
|
35 (28–42)
|
39 (33–48)
|
< 0.001
|
SOFA score at ICU admission
|
5 (3–7)
|
4 (3–6)
|
6 (4–8)
|
< 0.001
|
Comorbidities
|
Hypertension - no (%)
|
222 (56.8%)
|
79 (47.9%)
|
143 (63.3%)
|
0.003
|
Chronic ischemic heart disease - no (%)
|
35 (9.0%)
|
12 (7.3%)
|
23 (10.2%)
|
0.416
|
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
|
26 (6.6%)
|
8 (4.8%)
|
18 (8.0%)
|
0.362
|
CKD - patients in dialisys - no (%)
|
4 (1.0%)
|
1 (0.6%)
|
3 (1.3%)
| |
COPD - no (%)
|
27 (6.9%)
|
11 (6.7%)
|
16 (7.1%)
|
0.964a
|
COPD - home oxygen therapy/CPAP - no (%)
|
2 (0.5%)
|
1 (0.6%)
|
1 (0.4%)
| |
Diabetes - no (%)
|
85 (21.7%)
|
28 (17.0%)
|
57 (25.2%)
|
0.067
|
Chronic liver disease (MELD > 10) - no (%)
|
3 (0.8%)
|
1 (0.6%)
|
2 (0.9%)
|
1.000
|
Active cancer - no (%)
|
7 (1.8%)
|
0 (0%)
|
7 (3.1%)
|
0.058
|
Immunosuppressive therapy - no (%)
|
10 (2.6%)
|
1 (0.6%)
|
9 (4.0%)
|
0.078
|
Smoker status (n = 213) b
|
Current - no (%)
|
13 (6.1%)
|
8 (8.1%)
|
5 (4.4%)
|
0.507a
|
Previous - no (%)
|
66 (31.0%)
|
29 (29.3%)
|
37 (32.5%)
| |
Characteristics before ICU admission
|
Time from symptoms onset to hospital admission (n = 327)b - d (IQR)
|
7 (4–9)
|
7 (4–9)
|
7 (4–10)
|
0.480
|
Time from hospital admission to ICU admission - d (IQR)
|
2 (1–5)
|
2 (1–5)
|
2 (0–5)
|
0.436
|
Time from hospital admission to intubation - d (IQR)
|
2 (1–5)
|
2 (1–5)
|
2 (1–6)
|
0.389
|
Ward of admission
|
Emergency department - no (%)
|
70 (17.9%)
|
20 (12.1%)
|
50 (22.1%)
|
0.04a
|
Medical ward - no (%)
|
184 (47.1%)
|
82 (49.7%)
|
102 (45.1%)
| |
Other ICU - no (%)
|
137 (35.0%)
|
63 (38.2%)
|
74 (32.7%)
| |
High flow nasal oxygen therapy before intubation (n = 362)b - no (%)
|
31 (8.5%)
|
14 (9.1%)
|
17 (8.1%)
|
0.880
|
CPAP/Non-invasive ventilation trial before intubation (n = 363)b - no (%)
|
254 (70%)
|
117 (70.9%)
|
137 (60.6%)
|
0.029
|
Duration of CPAP/NIV trial (n = 363)b
|
< 12 h - no (%)
|
56 (22.1%)
|
24 (20.5%)
|
32 (23.5%)
|
0.051a
|
12–24 h - no (%)
|
63 (24.9%)
|
35 (29.9%)
|
28 (20.6%)
| |
24–48 h - no (%)
|
44 (17.4%)
|
25 (21.4%)
|
19 (14.0%)
| |
> 48 h - no (%)
|
90 (35.6%)
|
33 (28.2%)
|
57 (41.9%)
| |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio before intubation (n = 297)b
|
94 (75–119)
|
96 (71–125)
|
91 (77–116)
|
0.544
|