Sex-specific prevalence and outcomes of frailty in critically ill patients

Table 3 Multivariable analysis in matched and unmatched cohort

Variable	ICU mortality HR [95% CI]	Hospital mortality HR [95% CI]	Vasoactive support OR [95% CI]	Invasive mechanical ventilation OR [95% CI]	Renal replacement therapy OR [95% CI]	Non-invasive mechanical ventilation OR [95% CI]	Any ventilation (invasive or non-invasive) OR [95% CI]
Female sex
Unmatched	1.03 [0.88–1.20]	1.01 [0.89–1.16]	0.88 [0.81–0.97]*	0.76 [0.70–0.84]*	0.92 [0.74–1.13]	1.08 [0.94–1.25]	0.77 [0.70–0.84]*
Matched	1.02 [0.87–1.19]	0.98 [0.85–1.12]	0.93 [0.86–1.02]	0.78 [0.71–0.86]*	0.91 [0.74–1.11]	0.99 [0.85–1.14]	0.76 [0.70–0.84]*
Frailty (CFS ≥ 5)
Unmatched	1.04 [0.89–1.22]	1.31 [1.15–1.48]*	0.73 [0.65–0.82]*	0.54 [0.48–0.61]*	0.98 [0.78–1.23]	1.92 [1.65–2.22]*	0.71 [0.63–0.81]*
Matched	1.25 [1.05–1.49]*	1.61 [1.41–1.84]*	1.31 [1.17–1.47]*	0.78 [0.69–0.88]*	1.52 [1.21–1.92]*	2.78 [2.37–3.25]*	1.10 [0.96–1.25]
Sex-frailty interaction
Unmatched	0.98 [0.77–1.25]	0.97 [0.80–1.17]	1.01 [0.85–1.20]	1.06 [0.90–1.26]	0.95 [0.67–1.33]	1.20 [0.97–1.48]	1.29 [1.07–1.55]*
Matched	1.00 [0.78–1.28]	0.97 [0.80–1.18]	0.95 [0.81–1.11]	1.06 [0.90–1.25]	0.99 [0.71–1.37]	1.17 [0.94–1.45]	1.24 [1.04–1.48]*

*p < 0.05
In the unmatched cohort, all results are adjusted for frailty, age, APACHE II score, days between hospital and ICU admission, ICU diagnostic category, and an interaction term for sex and frailty status. In matched analysis the models included sex, frailty, and the interaction term between sex and frailty

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