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Table 1 Population demographics and statistical analysis in the septic and non-septic groups

From: The use of automated pupillometry to assess cerebral autoregulation: a retrospective study

 

All (n = 92)

Septic (n = 52)

Non-septic (n = 40)

p value

Age, years

62 [58–67]

62 [54–70]

62 [60–65]

0.10

Male sex, %

68.5

71.2

65

0.53

APACHE II score

19 [11–28]

22 [16–28]

7 [1–13]

< 0.001

ICU LOS, days

5 [3–8]

6 [3–8]

5 [2–7]

0.47

Alive at ICU discharge, %

91.2

86.5

97.4

0.07

Comorbidities

 CKD, %

19.6

28.8

7.5

0.01

 Arteriopathy, %

30.4

38.5

20

0.06

 CHF, %

16.3

7.7

27.5

0.01

 COPD, %

15.2

15.4

15

0.96

 Liver disease, %

30.4

32.7

27.5

0.59

 Diabetes mellitus, %

37

32.7

42.5

0.33

 Chronic anemia, %

14.1

19.2

7.5

0.11

 Smoking, %

16.3

17.3

15

0.77

 Alcohol consumer, %

22.8

26.9

17.5

0.29

 Obesity, %

18.5

26.9

7.5

0.02

 Encephalopathy, %

28.3

36.5

17.5

0.04

At time of assessment

 Sedation, %

20.7

21.2

20

0.89

 Analgesia, %

47.8

46.2

50

0.71

 NMBA, %

3.3

5.8

0

0.12

 Mechanical ventilation, %

34.8

36.5

32.5

0.69

 Antihypertensives, %

32.6

21.2

47.5

0.01

 Norepinephrine, μg/min

24.4 [14.1–34.6]

29.1 [0.1–58.1]

2.6 [−0.4–5.6]

< 0.001

 Dobutamine, %

10.9

11.5

10

0.81

 MAP, mmHg

77 [71–84]

77 [71–83]

80 [70–89]

0.83

 Heart rate, beats/min

95 [82–109]

96 [82–110]

93 [75–111]

0.03

 Temperature, °C

37 [36.6–37.6]

37.1 [36.7–37.4]

37.4 [36.9–37.9]

0.78

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

9.9 [8.3–11.4]

9.8 [8–11.5]

10.5 [9.3–11.8]

1.00

 Hematocrit, %

29.3 [24.2–34.5]

29 [23.5–34.5]

31 [27.2–34.9]

0.86

 C-reactive protein, mg/L

215 [116–314]

234 [139–329]

127 [2–252]

< 0.001

 Sodium, mmol/L

136.6 [134.7–138.5]

136.8 [134.3–139.3]

135.6 [134.6–136.6]

0.34

 PEEP, cmH2O

5 [1–9]

5 [0.17–10]

2 [−0.5–5]

0.21

 FiO2, %

39 [29–49]

39 [29–49]

35 [26–45]

0.72

 pH

7.40 [7.35–7.46]

7.40 [7.34–7.45]

7.42 [7.35–7.49]

0.77

 PaCO2, mmHg

37 [32–42]

37 [32–43]

37 [31–43]

0.02

 PaO2, mmHg

89 [72–106]

87 [68–105]

98 [84–113]

0.28

 P/F

264 [177–351]

253 [164–342]

315 [185–444]

0.72

 Lactates

1.84 [1.19–2.49]

1.82 [1.22–2.42]

1.94 [1.19–2.69]

0.19

 Mxa

0.33 [0.09–0.57]

0.33 [0.08–0.58]

0.31 [0.04–0.59]

0.77

 Altered CAR, %

55.4

53.8

57.5

0.73

 NPi

4.33 [3.98–4.69]

4.36 [3.98–4.73]

4.22 [3.75–4.7]

0.59

 Pupil size, mm

3.67 [2.69–4.65]

3.56 [2.68–4.45]

3.81 [2.77–4.85]

0.32

 Pupil constriction, %

32.52 [25.57–39.47]

32.20 [25.25–39.15]

32.93 [26.48–39.38]

0.84

 Constriction velocity, mm/s

3.61 [3.07–4.15]

2.01 [1.47–2.55]

5.69 [5.14–6.25]

0.91

 Latency, ms

0.24 [0.21–0.26]

0.24 [0.21–0.26]

0.24 [0.22–0.27]

0.22

Primary site of infection, %

 Abdominal

28.3

48.1

2.5

< 0.001

 Respiratory

19.6

21.2

17.5

0.45

 Urinary tract

6.5

11.5

0

0.03

 Soft tissue

6.5

9.6

2.5

0.17

 Blood/CVC

1.1

1.9

0

0.38

 Unknown

2.2

3.8

0

0.21

Pathogen, %

 Bacterial

45.7

65.4

20

< 0.001

 GNB

33.7

50

12.5

< 0.001

 GPC

13

17.3

7.5

0.07

 Fungus

5.4

5.8

5

0.87

 Virus

4.3

3.8

5

0.79

 Unknown bug

14.1

23.1

2.5

0.03

 Other bug

1.1

1.9

0

0.38

  1. APACHE II Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II, ICU LOS ICU length of stay, CKD chronic kidney disease, CHF chronic heart failure, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, NMBA neuro-muscular blocking agents, PEEP positive end expiratory pressure, PaO2 arterial oxygen pressure, PaCO2 arterial carbon dioxide pressure, P/F PaO2 divided by FiO2, Mxa mean flow index, CAR cerebral autoregulation, NPi Neurological Pupil Index, CVC central venous catheter, GNB gram-negative bacillus, GPC gram-positive cocci