Table 2 Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between COVID-19 patients with normal and elevated D-dimers
From: D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case control study
Normal D-dimer, n = 63 | Elevated D-dimer, n = 185 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 58.0 ± 14.4 | 64.6 ± 12.6 | 0.001 |
Male gender (%) | 32 (50.8) | 103 (55.7) | 0.502 |
Underlying disease, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | 12 (19.0) | 66 (35.7) | 0.014 |
Diabetes mellitus | 7 (11.1) | 37 (20.0) | 0.319 |
Coronary artery disease | 3 (4.8) | 9 (4.9) | 1.000 |
Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0) | 6 (3.2) | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 (0) | 4 (2.2) | |
Time since symptom onset (days) | 10.5 ± 4.8 | 11.8 ± 5.1 | 0.069 |
Highest temperature (°C) | 38.1 ± 0.9 | 38.1 ± 1.0 | 0.948 |
Clinical staging at admission, n (%) | 0.000 | ||
Mild-moderate | 40 (63.5) | 50 (27.0) | |
Severe | 20 (31.7) | 88 (47.6) | |
Critically ill | 3 (4.8) | 47 (25.4) | |
Wells’ score, n (%) | 0.230 | ||
< 2 points | 60 (95.2) | 167 (90.3) | |
2–6 points | 2 (3.2) | 15 (8.1) | |
> 6 points | 1 (1.6) | 3 (1.6) | |
Geneva score, n (%) | 0.105 | ||
0–3 points | 34 (54.0) | 78 (42.2) | |
4–10 points | 29 (46.0) | 107 (57.8) | |
≥ 11 points | 0 | 0 | |
CURB-65, n (%) | 0.008 | ||
Score 0 | 30 (47.62) | 64 (34.59) | |
Score 1 | 25 (39.68) | 68 (36.76) | |
Score 2 | 5 (7.94) | 20 (10.81) | |
Score 3 | 3 (4.76) | 17 (9.19) | |
Score 4 | 0 (0) | 15 (8.11) | |
Score 5 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.54) | |
SOFA score | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0–3) | 0.007 |
qSOFA score | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.084 |
ITSH-DIC score | 0 (0–0) | 2 (2–3) | 0.000 |
Oxygen treatment, n (%) | 0.114 | ||
Nasal cannula/face mask | 28 (44.4) | 101 (54.6) | |
NIMV | 2 (3.2) | 24 (13.0) | |
IMV | 0 | 12 (6.5) | |
IMV + ECMO | 0 | 1 (0.5) | |
Anticoagulation therapy | 12 (19.0) | 73 (39.5) | 0.000 |
Length of hospital stay | 28.3 ± 12.5 | 31.7 ± 12.3 | 0.078 |
In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 0 | 17 (9.2) | 0.008 |