Table 2 Pathogens and antibiotics according to the sepsis definitions
Sepsis-2 | Sepsis-3 | Sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 | Sepsis-2 and no sepsis-3 | No sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 | No sepsis-2 and no sepsis-3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n = 530 | n = 569 | n = 501 | n = 29 | n = 68 | n = 20 | |
Microbiology of blood cultures | |||||||
Gram-negative | E. coli | 84 (15.9) | 89 (15.6) | 84 (16.8) | 0 | 5 (7.4) | 0 |
Klebsiella | 35 (6.6) | 34 (6.0) | 34 (6.8) | 1 (3.5) | 0 | 1 (5.0) | |
Pseudomonas | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Gram-positive | Staphylococci | 62 (11.7) | 66 (11.6) | 60 (12.0) | 2 (6.9) | 6 (8.8) | 0 |
Streptococci | 43 (8.1) | 45 (7.9) | 42 (8.4) | 1 (3.5) | 3 (4.4) | 1 (5.0) | |
MRSA | 5 (0.9) | 6 (1.1) | 5 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 | |
Enterococcus | 12 (2.3) | 12 (2.1) | 12 (2.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Anaerobic | 14 (2.6) | 12 (2.1) | 12 (2.4) | 2 (6.9) | 0 | 0 | |
Fungi | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Antibiotics | |||||||
Penicillin derivative (PCG, ABPC, ABPC/MCIPC) | 21 (4.0) | 27 (4.8) | 21 (4.2) | 0 | 6 (8.8) | 1 (5.0) | |
Ampicillin/sulbactam | 69 (13.0) | 77 (13.5) | 66 (13.2) | 3 (10.3) | 11 (16.2) | 7 (35.0) | |
PIPC/TAZ | 73 (13.8) | 73 (12.8) | 64 (12.8) | 9 (31.0) | 9 (13.2) | 6 (30.0) | |
First generation cephalosporin | 11 (2.1) | 11 (2.0) | 9 (1.8) | 2 (6.9) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (15.0) | |
Second generation cephalosporin (CTM, CMZ, FMOX) | 13 (2.5) | 17 (3.0) | 11 (2.2) | 2 (6.9) | 6 (8.8) | 0 | |
Third generation cephalosporin (CTX, CPZ, CTRX) | 60 (11.3) | 67 (11.8) | 57 (11.4) | 3 (10.3) | 10 (14.7) | 1 (5.0) | |
Third generation cephalosporin against pseudomonas | 3 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Fourth generation cephalosporin against pseudomonas | 30 (5.7) | 29 (5.1) | 29 (5.8) | 1 (3.5) | 0 | 0 | |
Carbapenem | 279 (52.6) | 291 (51.1) | 268 (53.5) | 11 (37.9) | 23 (33.8) | 3 (15.0) | |
Aminoglycoside | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Quinolone | 32 (6.0) | 35 (6.2) | 32 (6.4) | 0 | 3 (4.4) | 0 | |
Tetracycline | 3 (0.6) | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Macrolide | 29 (5.5) | 29 (5.1) | 29 (5.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Metronidazole | 18 (3.4) | 18 (3.2) | 18 (3.6) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CLDM | 23 (4.3) | 24 (4.2) | 20 (4.0) | 3 (10.3) | 4 (5.9) | 1 (5.0) | |
Vancomycin | 81 (15.3) | 80 (14.1) | 75 (15.0) | 6 (20.7) | 5 (7.4) | 4 (20.0) | |
Other anti–methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus drugs | 45 (8.5) | 48 (8.4) | 45 (9.0) | 0 | 3 (4.4) | 0 | |
Antifungus | 28 (5.3) | 30 (5.3) | 28 (5.6) | 0 | 2 (2.9) | 1 (5.0) | |
Others (ST, CLL, FOM, SBT/CPZ, AMPC) | 10 (1.9) | 11 (1.9) | 10 (2.0) | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 1 (5.0) | |