Skip to main content

Table 1 Use of antimicrobials within the first hour of admission to the ED, with and without propensity score matching

From: Antimicrobials administration time in patients with suspected sepsis: is faster better? An analysis by propensity score

Variable

Pre-match

Post-match

> 1 h, n = 2114 (86.2%)

< 1 h, n = 340 (13.8%)

p value

SMD (%)

> 1 h, n = 340 (50%)

< 1 h, n = 340 (50%)

p value

SMD (%)

Age

62 (48–75)

59 (42–70)

< 0.001

27.4

60 (43–71)

59 (42–70)

0.757

1.3

Systolic blood pressure

110 (90–131)

89 (80–115)

< 0.001

72.5

95 (82–116)

89 (80–115)

0.037

9.9

Temperature °C

37 (36.7–38.3)

37.8 (37–38.7)

< 0.001

34.7

37.5 (37–38.7)

37.8 (37–38.7)

0.462

6.9

Heart rate

103 (88–117)

110 (99–123)

< 0.001

43.7

110 (96–120)

110 (99–123)

0.274

9.9

Respiratory rate

19 (18–22)

21 (18–25)

< 0.001

38

20 (18–23)

21 (18–25)

0.027

12.9

Lactate

2.5 (1.5–3.5)

2.3 (1.3–3.4)

0.086

8.2

2.1 (1.2–3.2)

2.3 (1.3–3.4)

0.139

8.8

Central venous catheter

144 (6.8%)

37 (10.9%)

0.008

9.9

29 (8.5%)

37 (10.9%)

0.300

4.3

Fluids (IVF) in the first 6 h

1608 (76.1%)

313 (92.1%)

< 0.001

40.5

314 (92.4%)

313 (92.1%)

0.886

0.5

Amount of fluids in 6 h

955 (150–1500)

1500 (637–2325)

< 0.001

63.3

1450 (500–2150)

1500 (637–2325)

0.290

15.5

Urinary output

646 (30.6%)

171 (50.3%)

< 0.001

39.9

159 (46.8%)

171 (50.3%)

0.357

5.8

Vasopressors

299 (14.1%)

93 (27.4%)

< 0.001

28.2

84 (24.7%)

93 (27.4%)

0.432

4.5

Blood cultures

1819 (86.1%)

321 (94.4%)

< 0.001

21.9

324 (95.3%)

321 (94.4%)

0.603

1.7

Blood cultures taken prior to the beginning of antibiotics

1508 (71.3%)

129 (37.9%)

< 0.001

68.5

138 (40.6%)

129 (37.9%)

0.480

4.4

Admission to ICU/SCU

856 (40.5%)

182 (53.5%)

< 0.001

26.4

179 (52.7%)

182 (53.5%)

0.818

1.4

Mechanical ventilation

311 (14.7%)

65 (19.1%)

0.036

9.9

63 (18.5%)

65 (19.1%)

0.844

1

Confirmed diagnosis of infection

1624 (76.8%)

285 (83.8%)

0.004

16.2

263 (77.4%)

285 (83.8%)

0.033

11.5

Inadequate antimicrobials

610 (28.9%)

42 (12.4%)

< 0.001

39.6

45 (13.2%)

42 (12.4%)

0.731

1.6

Mortality*

240 (11.4%)

43 (12.7%)

0.488

3.1

40 (11.8%)

43 (12.7%)

0.725

1.6

Hospital stay

10 (6–16)

11 (6–19)

0.002

21.2

11 (6–19)

11 (6–19)

0.335

2.3

SOFA score*

4 (2–6)

5 (3–7)

< 0.001

43.2

4 (3–7)

5 (3–7)

0.473

9.2

APACHE II score*

14 (9–12)

15 (11–19)

< 0.001

32.4

15 (9–18)

15 (11–19)

0.148

14.0

Charlson Index*

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

0.010

18.2

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

0.430

2.2

h between admission and administration of antibiotics*

6 (4–10)

1 (1–1)

< 0.001

-

4 (2–8)

1 (1–1)

< 0.001

-

  1. The measurements for continuous variables are the median (IQR) and for categorical: n (%). SMD standardized mean difference
  2. *The variables were not included to generate the propensity score